kvo: 是监听对象属性的值的一种机制。
内部原理:runtime动态创建一个被监听对象的子类,并将父类的self指针指向子类。在子类中重写父类的keypath的set方法。当父类的keypath的set方法执行时,不会去先执行原来的父类的set方法。在重写的子类的set方法中记录keypath新值和旧值的变化。
看完有点晕,以前我一值不理解,为什么调用父类的set方法时会去执行子类的set方法。父类不先执行自己的set方法,自己的方法又没有被删除。看完下面这个方法才知道,这是由于父类的self指针指向了子类,所以先查找子类的method列表,若是子类没有便向父类查找。
Class object_setClass(id obj, Class cls)
可以具体请看下http://blog.csdn.net/lvdezhou/article/details/49510531
object_setClass方法将一个对象设置为别的类类型,返回原来的Class,很牛逼的方法。
之前,有大神觉得苹果的KVO不好用,不能用block,决定自己写个有block的KVO,太牛逼了。http://tech.glowing.com/cn/implement-kvo 神殿地址
代码地址:https://github.com/okcomp/ImplementKVO
下面就膜拜下大神的代码,看大神是怎么实现的。
// 添加观察者 核心方法
-(void)PG_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(PGObservingBlock)block
{
// Step 1: Throw exception if its class or superclasses doesn't implement the setter
SEL setterSelector = NSSelectorFromString(setterForGetter(key));
NSLog(@"setterSelector message = %@",NSStringFromSelector(setterSelector));
Method setterMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], setterSelector);
if (!setterMethod)
{
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have a setter for key %@", self, key];
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException
reason:reason
userInfo:nil];
return;
}
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
NSString *clazzName = NSStringFromClass(clazz);
// Step 2: Make KVO class if this is first time adding observer and
// its class is not an KVO class yet
// 如果没有创建子类那就创建一个子类
if(![clazzName hasPrefix:kPGKVOClassPrefix])
{
// 动态添加一个类
clazz = [self makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:clazzName];
// object_setClass将一个对象设置为别的类类型,返回原来的Class 执行完这句代码,self指向子类self(kPGKVOClassPrefix)。执行这句之前,self(父类)
object_setClass(self, clazz);
}
// 子类重写了父类的set方法,而且父累set方法的时候,父累实例的对象的self指针指向子类的实例对象调用子类的setter方法。这样这个子类的setter方法,就记录了父累原来的新值和旧值。
if (![self hasSelector:setterSelector]) {
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(setterMethod);
class_addMethod(clazz, setterSelector, (IMP)kvo_setter, types);
}
// 监听者信息,包装监听对象。
PGObservationInfo *info = [[PGObservationInfo alloc]initWithObserver:observer Key:key block:block];
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kPGKVOAssociatedObservers));
if (!observers) {
observers = [NSMutableArray array];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self , (__bridge const void *)(kPGKVOAssociatedObservers), observers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
[observers addObject:info];
}
// 动态创建一个KVO类,继承自原来的类
- (Class)makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClazzName
{
// 给自动创建的类添加一个前缀和原类区分开来
NSString *kvoClazzName = [kPGKVOClassPrefix stringByAppendingString:originalClazzName];
Class clazz = NSClassFromString(kvoClazzName);
if (clazz) {
return clazz;
}
// class doesn't exist yet, make it
Class originalClazz = object_getClass(self);
// 创建originalClazz 的字类
Class kvoClazz = objc_allocateClassPair(originalClazz, kvoClazzName.UTF8String, 0);
// grab class method's signature so we can borrow it
// 扫描方法实现
Method clazzMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(originalClazz, @selector(class));
// 返回方法类型
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(clazzMethod);
// 给类中添加方法和实现 方法就是class这个方法,这个方法就是,
class_addMethod(kvoClazz, @selector(class), (IMP)kvo_class, types);
// 注册这个类。
objc_registerClassPair(kvoClazz);
return kvoClazz;
}
子类的setter方法:
static void kvo_setter(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue){
// self指是子类对象。
NSString *setterName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);
NSString *getterName = getterForSetter(setterName);
if (!getterName) {
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have setter %@", self, setterName];
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException
reason:reason
userInfo:nil];
return;
}
// 获取到属性的值
id oldValue = [self valueForKey:getterName];
// 获取父类
struct objc_super superclazz = {
.receiver = self,
.super_class = class_getSuperclass(object_getClass(self))
};
// 函数指针映射。
// cast our pointer so the compiler won't complain
void (*objc_msgSendSuperCasted)(void *, SEL, id) = (void *)objc_msgSendSuper;
// _cmd 是set方法。调用父类的set方法。传一个参数newValue
// call super's setter, which is original class's setter method
objc_msgSendSuperCasted(&superclazz, _cmd, newValue);
// look up observers and call the blocks
NSMutableArray *observerss = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kPGKVOAssociatedObservers));
for (PGObservationInfo *each in observerss) {
if ([each.key isEqualToString:getterName]) {
//子线程异步执行block块,提高运行效率。膜拜。
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
each.block(self, getterName, oldValue, newValue);
});
}
}
}