了解raw trace文件的各项内容

今天浏览metalink,看到这篇Interpreting Raw SQL_TRACE,比较老的一篇文章了,但是确实很有用,所以决定大略翻译一下吧。

我们知道有几种方法可以得到一个SQL语句执行时后台的trace文件,一个是用SQL_TRACE,一个是用DBMS_SUPPORT包或者DBMS_SYSTEM包,还有一种就是直接使用10046 event

使用10046 event的方法大致如下:

alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 12';<BR>

your sql statement...

alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

其中的level14812几个选项,其中1相当于设置SQL_TRACE=TRUE之后的结果,4包括1的结果和绑定变量的实际值,8包括1的结果和等待事件的情况,12则同时包含1的结果,绑定变量的实际值和等待事件情况,所以可以说level 12是最为详细的trace了。

同时我们也知道,对于trace结果,oracle提供了tkprof实用程序用来格式化trace文件,提供一份更容易读懂的trace结果。

那么为什么还要直接读取trace文件呢?最重要的是tkprof的结果是不包含绑定变量值的,同时也不包括真正的SQL执行顺序,而trace文件中我们则可以看到按照时间排列的parse,binds,executes,fetch等等,这在某西场合下是很有用处的。还有就是,如果你能够直接读取这些让人看得眼晕的trace,是不是会有一种很爽,很大师的感觉:-)

当然如果我们要根据一些标准(比如CPU时长,磁盘读取量等)进行trace中的SQL排序,那么tkprof是我们唯一的选择,可以参看coolylTkprof工具介绍和分析

 

下面是metalink中的这篇文章的大体翻译,大部分名词用英文反而更好,就不强加翻译了,相信大家都看得懂。当然也是比较懒的原因:-)

 

文本总结了trace结果原始输出文件中的内容。

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

APPNAME mod='%s' mh=%lu act='%s' ah=%lu

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

APPNAMEApplication name setting。在Oracle 7.2和以上版本中出现。这个名称可以由DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO包来设定。

modModule name

mhModule hash value

actAction

ahAction hash value

 

比如:APPNAME mod='SQL*Plus' mh=3669949024 act='' ah=4029777240

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARSING IN CURSOR #<CURSOR> len=X dep=X uid=X oct=X lid=X tim=X hv=X ad='X'

<statement>

END OF STMT

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

<CURSOR>Cursor number

len Length of SQL statementSQL语句的长度

dep Recursive depth of the cursor,当前SQL语句的递规深度,如果为0则表示是用户提交的SQL,为1则是由于用户SQL而导致Oracle后台自己执行的SQL,为2则是由1SQL继续诱发的下一级SQL

uid Schema user id of parsing user

oct Oracle command type.

lid Privilege user id.

tim Timestamp。在Oracle9i之前单位是1/100秒,9i则是1/1,000,000秒。利用这个值可以计算一个SQL执行了到底多长时间。这个值就是当前行被写入trace文件时数据库V$TIMER视图的值。

hv Hash id.

ad SQLTEXT addressSQLTEXT的地址,跟V$SQLAREAV$SQLTEXT视图中的ADDRESS字段值相等。

<statement> The actual SQL statement being parsed.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARSE ERROR #%d:len=%ld dep=%d uid=%ld oct=%d lid=%ld tim=%lu err=%d

<statement> ...

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

PARSE ERROR :在Oracle 7.2以上版本中解析的错误会写入trace文件中。

len Length of SQL statement.

dep Recursive depth of the statement

uid User id.

oct Oracle command type (if known).

lid Privilege user id.

tim Timestamp.

err Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) reported

<statement> The SQL statement that errored.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARSE #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

EXEC #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

FETCH #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

UNMAP #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

PARSE Parse a statement. 解析一个SQL

EXEC Execute a pre-parsed statement. 执行已经解析完毕的SQL

FETCH Fetch rows from a cursor. 从游标中得到数据通常指select返回记录

UNMAP 如果游标使用了临时表temporary table, 当游标关闭的时候将会看到UNMAP

c CPU time (100th's of a second in Oracle7 ,8 and 9).

e Elapsed time (100th's of a second Oracle7, 8. Microseconds in Oracle 9 onwards).

p Number of physical reads.

cr Number of buffers retrieved for CR reads.

cu Number of buffers retrieved in current mode.

mis Cursor missed in the cache.

r Number of rows processed.

dep Recursive call depth (0 = user SQL, >0 = recursive).

og Optimizer goal: 1=All_Rows, 2=First_Rows, 3=Rule, 4=Choose

tim Timestamp (large number in 100ths of a second).

 

比如FETCH #2:c=0,e=106,p=0,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=4,tim=6005498548671

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ERROR #%d:err=%d tim=%lu

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

执行或者fetch之后出现的SQL Error

err Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) at the top of the stack.

tim Timestamp.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

STAT #<CURSOR> id=N cnt=0 [pid=0 pos=0 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE ']

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

<CURSOR>的执行计划.

<CURSOR> Cursor which the statistics apply to.

id Line of the explain plan which the row count applies to (1开始).

cnt Number of rows for this row source.

pid Parent id of this row source.

pos Position in explain plan.

obj Object id of row source (if this is a base object).

op The row source access operation.

 

比如:

STAT #2 id=2 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=1 obj=510 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID OBJECT_USAGE (cr=2 r=0 w=0 time=83 us)'

STAT #2 id=3 cnt=1 pid=2 pos=1 obj=511 op='INDEX RANGE SCAN I_STATS_OBJ# (cr=1 r=0 w=0 time=43 us)'

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

XCTEND rlbk=%d rd_only=%d

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

XCTEND是事务结束的标志.

rlbk 1 if a rollback was performed, 0 if no rollback (commit).

rd_only 1 if transaction was read only, 0 if changes occurred.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

BINDS #%d:

bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=03 oacfl2=0 size=24 offset=0

bfp=02fedb44 bln=22 avl=00 flg=05

value=10

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

BIND Variables bound to a cursor.

bind N The bind position being bound.

dty Data type.

mxl Maximum length of the bind variable (private max len in paren).

mal Array length.

scl Scale.

pre Precision.

oacflg Special flag indicating bind options

oacflg2 Continuation of oacflg

size Amount of memory to be allocated for this chunk

offset Offset into this chunk for this bind buffer

bfp Bind address.

bln Bind buffer length.

avl Actual value length (array length too).

flg Special flag indicating bind status

value The actual value of the bind variable.

 

比如:

BINDS #4:

 bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

   bfp=ffffffff7ce64ee0 bln=22 avl=01 flg=05

   value=0

 bind 1: dty=1 mxl=32(11) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 oacfl2=1 size=32 offset=0

   bfp=ffffffff7ce6b128 bln=32 avl=11 flg=05

   value="TABCOMPART$"

 bind 2: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

   bfp=ffffffff7ce6bae8 bln=24 avl=02 flg=05

   value=1

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

WAIT #<CURSOR>: nam="<event name>" ela=0 p1=0 p2=0 p3=0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

WAIT An event that we waited for.

nam What was being waited for.

ela Elapsed time for the operation.

p1 P1 for the given wait event.

p2 P2 for the given wait event.

p3 P3 for the given wait event.

 

比如 (Full Table Scan):

WAIT #1: nam="db file scattered read" ela= 5 p1=4 p2=1435 p3=25

在游标1上经历了"db file scattered read"等待事件,一共等了0.05秒,在读取File 4,从1435 block开始,读了25block

 

比如 (Index Scan):

WAIT #1: nam="db file sequential read" ela= 4 p1=4 p2=1224 p3=1

在游标1上经历了"db file sequential read"等待事件,一共等了0.04秒,在读取file 4block 1224,读取了这一个block

 

对于每一个等待事件的含义和p1,p2,p3表示的意思,可以参考Oracle Database Reference文档的Oracle Wait Events章节。

 

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