Spring学习笔记（三）

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-17 08:49:23 发布

Div.143

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-17 08:49:23 发布

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文章标签： spring java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kanbujianwolue/article/details/122270919

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Spring注解开发

Spring原始注解
在这里插入图片描述
回顾以前的步骤

1.创建UserDao接口，UserDaoImpl实现UserDao
2.创建UserService接口，UserServiceImpl实现UseService
3.UserServiceImpl中创建私有成员变量userDao，创建set方法(注入)
4.在applicationContext中进行userDao和userService的bean配置
5.创建UserController类，调取userDao中的方法

注解

//<bean id="userDao2" class="com.itheima.spring.UserDao2Impl"></bean>
@Component("userDao2")
public class UserDao2Impl implements UserDao2{
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save running!!");
    }
}

//<bean id="userService2" class="com.itheima.spring.UserService2Impl">
//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
@Component("userService2")
public class UserService2Impl implements UserService2{

	@Value("${driverClass}")
    private String driver;//获取键的值，前提是xml文件中加载了jdbc.properties

    //<property name="userDao2" ref="userDao2"></property>
    @Autowired//也可以不注解Qualifier，Autowired是按照数据类型从Spring容器中进行匹配的
    @Qualifier("userDao2")//是按照id的值从容器中进行匹配的，但是主要与Autowired仪器使用
    private UserDao2 userDao2;
    /*public void setUserDao2(UserDao2 userDao2){
        this.userDao2=userDao2;
    }*/
	//用xml配置的话，set方法必须写；如果用注解，则不用写
    @Override
    public void save() {
        userDao2.save();
    }
}

运行之后会报错 No qualifying bean of type ‘com.itheima.spring.UserService2’ available，这是因为我们没有给Spring说明哪个地方有注解，所以我们在applicationContext.xml中配置组件扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
//扫描com.itheima以及com.itheima下的子包
</beans>

**Spring新注解** 是用上面的注解还不能全部替代xml配置文件，还需要使用注解替代的配置如下： ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6b5d9e2c6870419a9cea15067f752ee1.png)![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/9fd7b169e82b4591857045b67abd75d6.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBARGl2LjE0Mw==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)为了完全用注解取代xml配置文件，用注解代替标签

1.创建config包下面创建SpringConfiguration类
2.加注解@Configuration(标志该类是Spring的核心配置类)
3.加注解@ComponentScan(组件扫描)
4.加载配置文件@PropertySource(把location扔进去)
5.在内部写一DataSource为返回值的getDataSource，加注解@Bean
6.再创建一个DataSourceConfiguration类，把关于数据源相关的挪过去
7.SpringConfiguration类中加载DataSourceConfiguration，用@Import(要是多个用逗号，其实是一个数组)
8.UserController中创建app用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

UserController 类

public class UserController {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
        UserService2 userService2=app.getBean(UserService2.class);
        userService2.save();
    }
}

DataSourceConfiguration 类

@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource getDataSource() throws Exception {
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource=new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        return dataSource;
    }
}

SpringConfiguration 类

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {
}

Spring整合Junit

1.导入spring继承junit的坐标
2.使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
3.使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类
4.使用@Sutowired注入需要测试的对象
5.创建测试方法进测试

POM.xml

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

测试类SpringJunitTest

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration("classpath:application-Context.xml")//配置文件形式
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class})//纯注解形式
public class SpringJunitTest {

//    @Autowired
//    private UserService3 userService3;

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

//    @Test
//    public void method(){
//        userService3.save();
//    }
    @Test
    public void method2() throws SQLException {
        System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
    }
}

Spring集成Web环境

需要在POM.xml中导入新的坐标
POM.xml

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

UserServlet

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.itheima.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

== ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“applicationContext.xml”); == 仍存在多次创建的弊端，这里使用监听器来解决这一问题(web项目中)

1.创建新包listener，ContextLoaderListener类继承ServletContextListener接口
2.将Spring的应用上下文对象存储到ServletContext域中
3.web.xml中配置监听器
4.servlet中获取ServletContext对象，获取app

web.xml

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param><!--为了可以解耦合，之后再配置文件中就可以更改-->

<listener>
        <listener-class>com.itheima.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

UserServlet

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();//这个也可以获得ServletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
//        ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

ContextLoaderListener

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {

     @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
//        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
        String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
        System.out.println("spring容器启动完毕");
    }
    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        ServletContextListener.super.contextDestroyed(sce);
    }
}

WebApplicationContextUtils

public class WebApplicationContextUtils {
    public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sce){
        return (ApplicationContext) sce.getAttribute("app");
    }
}

以上繁琐的代码都已被Spring容器进行封装（我都打了半个小时的代码你告我这个）
Spring提供获取应用上下文的工具
在这里插入图片描述（好家伙原来我学了个源码）
为了使用Spring提供的工具，我们需要：

1.在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener监听器（导入spring-web坐标）
2.使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文对象ApllicationContext

POM.xml中导入新坐标

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

web.xml

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>


    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

其余的跟山寨版无区别，只是导包时要注意

Div.143

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Spring学习笔记（三）

Spring注解开发Spring原始注解回顾以前的步骤1.创建UserDao接口，UserDaoImpl实现UserDao2.创建UserService接口，UserServiceImpl实现UseService3.UserServiceImpl中创建私有成员变量userDao，创建set方法(注入)4.在applicationContext中进行userDao和userService的bean配置5.创建UserController类，调取userDao中的方法注解//<be
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