Spring解决scope为prototype注入失效

一、问题

在scope=singleton的单例对象中注入scope=prototype的多例对象会注入失效，每次调用多例对象不会创建新的，因为单例对象只创建一次，所以每次获取的多例对象都是同一个；但是直接Spring容器中获取对象，每次获取的对象是不同的。

例子：

applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="edu.hzb.first.UserDaoImpl" scope="prototype"/>

    <bean id="userService" class="edu.hzb.first.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

UserDao代码

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("UserDaoImpl.save");
    }
}

UserService代码

public interface UserService {
    public void register();
}

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }
	//以set注入的方式注入UserDao
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void register() {
        userDao.save();
        System.out.println("userDao: " + userDao);
    }

测试类：

@Test
public void test2() {
    XmlBeanFactory context = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml"));
    //scope=prototype注入失效
    UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
    UserService userService1 = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
    userService.register();
    userService1.register();
}

运行结果：两次userService调用的userDao是同一个对象，但是UserDao是多例对象，就会出现注入失效的问题

UserDaoImpl.save
userDao: edu.hzb.first.UserDaoImpl@72b6cbcc
UserDaoImpl.save
userDao: edu.hzb.first.UserDaoImpl@72b6cbcc

二、解决方法

每次从Spring容器中获取多例的 UserDao都是不同的，所以可以让Spring容器来完成UserDao的注入

@Test
public void test2() {
    XmlBeanFactory context = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml"));
    UserDao userDao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    UserDao userDao1 = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    //getBean获取的时候，scope=prototype的多例对象，每次获取的都是不同的
    System.out.println(userDao1);
    System.out.println(userDao);
}

//运行结果
edu.hzb.first.UserDaoImpl@a7e666
edu.hzb.first.UserDaoImpl@68bbe345

改进后的代码：

通过BeanFactoryAware接口，在UserServiceImpl中注入Bean工厂，从而从工厂中获取UserDao。

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService, BeanFactoryAware {

    private UserDao userDao;

    private BeanFactory beanFactory;

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
    }
    //不通过set注入的方式注入UserDao
//    public UserDao getUserDao() {
//        return userDao;
//    }
//
//    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
//        this.userDao = userDao;
//    }

    @Override
    public void register() {
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao) beanFactory.getBean("userDao");
        userDao.save();
        System.out.println("userDao: " + userDao);
    }

}