二进制包安装mysql-5.6.32

1.新建mysql用户与组

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -r mysql

2.下载并解压安装包

#将二进制文件解压到指定的安装目录：/usr/local/mysql
tar xf mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/

#软链接
ln -s mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql

#创建mysql数据存放的目录：/data/mysql
#建立数据目录的时候，尽量不要直接用mysql/data，可以换一个别的目录或着用mysql/data/mysql，直接用/mysql/data可能会导致数据库初始化报错，或者服务无法正常启动的问题
mkdir -p mysql/data/mysql


给mysql目录及数据目录设置属主属组
chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/*

3.初始化数据库

[root@bogon mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...2019-04-11 19:34:31 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-04-11 19:34:31 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.32) starting as process 3655 ...
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2019-04-11 19:34:31 3655 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

省略中间部分...

New default config file was created as ./my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

如果后面再想初始化数据库，要先清空数据目录下的所有东西

4.后续配置

使用默认配置文件

[root@bogon mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y
#使用默认配置文件后一定要先修改配置文件，指定数据目录的位置，否则会导致服务无法正常启动或数据库初始化报错
vi /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

为mysql提供sysv服务脚本

[root@bogon mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@bogon mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

添加为系统服务

[root@bogon mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld  --添加为系统服务
[root@bogon mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on --开机自启动
[root@bogon mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

添加环境变量

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

可以使用安全配置向导mysql_secure_installation来给数据库设置密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次运行直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]    #是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password:               #设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password:      #再输入一次你设置的密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]   #是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] #是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止
… Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] #是否删除test数据库,直接回车
- Dropping test database…
… Success!
- Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] #是否重新加载权限表，直接回车
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!

使用刚才设置的密码登录数据库

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.6.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

至此，mysql安装成功。

总结：

1.建立数据目录的时候，尽量不要直接用mysql/data，可以换一个别的目录或着用mysql/data/mysql，直接用/mysql/data可能会导致数据库初始化报错，或者服务无法正常启动的问题

2.使用默认配置文件后一定要先修改配置文件，指定数据目录的位置，否则会导致服务无法正常启动或数据库初始化报错

3.mysql-5.6初始化完成后日志中是不会生成随机密码的，可以通过安全配置向导来设定初始密码