Linux C/C++ 模板：主模板、完全特化、局部特化

一、代码

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

//主模板
template <typename T>
class Heap
{
public:
        void push(const T& val);
        T pop();
        bool empty() const { return m_vec.empty(); }

private:
        vector<T> m_vec;
};

template <typename T>
void Heap<T>::push(const T& val)
{
        m_vec.push_back(val);
        push_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());
}

template <typename T>
T Heap<T>::pop()
{
        pop_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());

        T tmp = m_vec.back();

        m_vec.pop_back();

        return tmp;
}

//完全特化 const char*
template <>
class Heap<const char*>
{
public:
        void push(const char* val);
        const char* pop();
        bool empty() { return m_vec.empty(); }

private:
        vector<const char*> m_vec;
};

bool strLess(const char* a, const char* b)
{
        return strcmp(a, b) < 0;
}

void Heap<const char*>::push(const char* val)
{
        m_vec.push_back(val);
        push_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end(), strLess);
}

const char* Heap<const char*>::pop()
{
        pop_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());

        const char* tmp = m_vec.back();

        m_vec.pop_back();

        return tmp;
}

//局部特化 指针类型 T*
template <typename T>
class Heap<T*>
{
public:
        void push(T* val);
        T* pop();
        bool empty() { return m_vec.empty(); }
private:
        vector<T*> m_vec;
};

template <typename T>
struct PtrCmp : public binary_function<T*, T*, bool>
{
        bool operator()(const T* a, const T* b) const
        {
                return *a < *b;
        }
};

template <typename T>
void Heap<T*>::push(T* val)
{
        m_vec.push_back(val);
        push_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end(), PtrCmp<T>());
}

template <typename T>
T* Heap<T*>::pop()
{
        pop_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());

        T* tmp = m_vec.back();

        m_vec.pop_back();

        return tmp;
}

//
int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
        //主模板
        Heap<int> h1;

        h1.push(1);
        h1.push(3);
        h1.push(2);

        cout<<"is empty: "<<h1.empty()<<endl;
        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<"is empty: "<<h1.empty()<<endl<<endl;

        //完全特化 const char*
        Heap<const char*> h2;

        h2.push("aa");
        h2.push("cc");
        h2.push("bb");

        cout<<"is empty: "<<h2.empty()<<endl;
        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<"is empty: "<<h2.empty()<<endl<<endl;

        //局部特化 指针类型 T*
        Heap<char*> h3;

        h3.push("aa");
        h3.push("bb");
        h3.push("cc");

        cout<<"is empty: "<<h3.empty()<<endl;
        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;
        cout<<"is empty: "<<h3.empty()<<endl;

        return 0;
}

二、输出结果

        此时输出的3个结果都正确。