[LeetCode]149. Max Points on a Line 深入浅出讲解和代码示例

1、汇总概要

以下思路涵盖了哈希、数学计算等知识点

2、题目

Given n points on a 2D plane, find the maximum number of points that lie on the same straight line.

3、审题

给定一堆2D空间的点，求取可落于一条直线的最多点。

4、解题思路

1) 数学计算建模

因两点成一直线，所以从判断三个点落于一条直线开始建模。

直线公式：ax +by +c = 0 => 则(a,b,c)中(x参数,y参数, 偏移量)可唯一决定一条直线(两个参数即可，但考虑到有平行于x轴、y轴等特例情况)

由任意两点，可计算出参数：

a = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

c = y1 - a * x1

=>(a,b,c) = ((y2-y1)/(x2-x1), -1, y1-a*x1)

考虑特例：1) 直线平行于x轴(y1=y2)时：(a,b,c) = (0,1,-y1)

  2) 直线平行于y轴(x1=x2)时：(a,b,c) = (1,0,-x1)

2) 用hash表来存放"点”以及对应的直线参数

key = (a,b,c)

value = [point1, point2, point3...] 即所有直线参数相同的点，遍历完毕后value最多的，即为结果。

5、代码示例 - Python

import time
class point:
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

class Solution():
    def getdis(self,p1,p2):
        dis = [0,0,0] 
        ydis = p2.y - p1.y
        xdis = p2.x - p1.x
        if xdis == 0:
            dis=[1.0,0.0,-p1.x]
        else:
            if ydis == 0:
                dis = [0.0,1.0,-p1.y]
            else:
                a = ydis/xdis
                c = p1.y - a*p1.x
                dis = [a,-1.0,c]
        tdis = (dis[0],dis[1],dis[2])
        return tdis
    
    def maxPoints(self,points):
        maxnum = 2
        maxvalue = ["1","2"]
        dict = {}
        leng = len(points)
        for i in range(0,leng):
            for j in range(i+1,leng):
                p1 = points[i]
                p2 = points[j]
                tdis = self.getdis(p1,p2)
                if dict.has_key(tdis): #exit in dict -> extend the dict
                    strj = str(j)
                    if strj not in dict[tdis]:
                        dict[tdis].extend(str(j))
                        curlen = len(dict[tdis])
                    if curlen > maxnum:
                        maxnum = curlen
                        maxvalue = dict[tdis]
                else: # not exist in dict, insert
                    dict[tdis] = [str(i),str(j)]
        return dict

if __name__ == "__main__":
    num = 6
    points = [0 for i in range(num)]
    print "points: ", points
    p1 = point(1.0,1.0)
    p2 = point(2.0,2.0)
    p3 = point(1.0,2.0)
    p4 = point(2.0,4.0)
    p5 = point(4.0,7.0)
    p6 = point(4.0,8.0)
    p7 = point(1.5,3.0)
    p8 = point(5.0,5.0)
    p9 = point(0.5,0.5)
    p10 = point(2.5,2.5)
    points = [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,p10]
    
    st = Solution()
    st.maxPoints(points)

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