安装Grub到U盘

U盘启动器：
目的：安装grub到u盘，用u盘来维护系统
条件：1、电脑设为从USB设备启动。
     2、要有一个Linux系统来安装Grub.
     3、当然这个U盘要为此次行动做出牺牲。（呵呵，赶紧将重要资料转移吧~~)
实施步骤：
1、插入U盘，fdisk查看是否检测到U盘。
       [star@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l

       Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
       255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
       Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
       Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
       Disk identifier: 0xd10cd10c

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
       /dev/sda1   *           1        5540    44500018+   c  W95  FAT32 (LBA)
       /dev/sda2            5541       30401   199695982+   f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
       /dev/sda3           22465       29878    59552955    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
       /dev/sda5            5541       13285    62211681    7  HPFS/NTFS
       /dev/sda6   *       13286       22464    73730286   83  Linux
       /dev/sda7           29879       30401     4200966   82  Linux swap / Solaris

       Disk /dev/sdb: 4022 MB, 4022337024 bytes
       255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 489 cylinders
       Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
       Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
       Disk identifier: 0x000f4b77

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
       /dev/sdb1              1         490     3928032    b  W95 FAT32
       Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
       phys=(488, 254, 63) logical=(489, 5, 27)

2、先给u盘分区，分区方案自己照自己情况，这里以/dev/sdb1上安装grub为例。
        [star@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

        Command (m for help): d
        Selected partition 1

        Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-489, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-489, default 489): +500M          

    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 2
    First cylinder (66-489, default 66):
    Using default value 66
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (66-489, default 489):
    Using default value 489
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 4022 MB, 4022337024 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 489 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000f4b77
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          65      522081   83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2              66         489     3405780   83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): a                          （这一步很重要，就是要激活该分区）
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!       
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    
3、格式化，即创建文件系统,我这里以ext3为例：
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
    mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    130560 inodes, 522080 blocks
    26104 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
    64 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4、挂载系统：
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mkdir /media/test
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /media/test/

5、安装Grub到U盘上：
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/test/ /dev/sdb
    Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
    Installation finished. No error reported.
    This is the contents of the device map /media/test//boot/grub/device.map.
    Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
    fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
    
    (fd0)    /dev/fd0
    (hd0)    /dev/sda
    (hd1)    /dev/sdb
            
6、复制当前系统的menu.lst到u盘grub下：
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /media/test/boot/grub/
7、根据实际情况修改menu.lst。
8、安装grub到MBR：
    [star@localhost ~]$ sudo grub

        GNU GRUB  version 0.97  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)

     [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB
       lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
       completions of a device/filename. ]


    grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
     (hd0,5)
     (hd1,0)

    grub> root (hd1,0)
     Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

    grub> setup (hd1)
     Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
     Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
     Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
      Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd1)"...  19 sectors are embedded.
     succeeded
      Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1)1+19 p (hd1,0)/boot/grub/stage2
        /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
     Done.

    grub> quit
9、卸载就OK了，即完成了。以后就可以使用这个U盘来引导或修复系统了。

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U盘启动器：
目的：安装grub到u盘，用u盘来维护系统
条件：1、电脑设为从USB设备启动。
     2、要有一个Linux系统来安装Grub.
     3、当然这个U盘要为此次行动做出牺牲。（呵呵，赶紧将重要资料转移吧~~)
实施步骤：
1、插入U盘，fdisk查看是否检测到U盘。
       [star@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l

       Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes

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