python file operate

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-28 17:47:09 发布

kbkiss_1

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-28 17:47:09 发布

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文章标签： file python input join import windows

同学之间常常要共享精彩电影的，一般电影的大小都是300多M，我有个128M的小MP3，总向同学借大U盘也不是那么回事，有时就得耐着性子用winrar分割压缩，传到自己电脑里再解压缩合并成一个电影文件。用的次数多了大家就都会知道winrar对音乐和电影这些多媒体格式的文件压缩率基本为0，也就是说，即使在那浪费时间浪费计算机资源（非常浪费CPU）最后的结果也只是完成了分割与合并文件的作用，大量的计算做的都是无用功。
用Pythong写了个简单的文件分割与合并的程序，这样自己的小容量MP3用起来就方便了，而且因为不需要压缩与解压缩的过程，可以大量节省我的耐心。

file.py

 
   01import sys 
 
   02from os.path import exists 
 
   03fileCount = 0
 
   04  
 
   05def splitFile(fileName, partSize=1): 
 
   06    # 1024 * 1024 = 1048576 
 
   07    length = partSize * 1048576
 
   08    f1 = open(fileName, "rb") 
 
   09    while True: 
 
   10        content = f1.read(length) 
 
   11        if content == "": 
 
   12            break
 
   13        newFile = distFile(fileName) 
 
   14        f2 = open(newFile, "wb") 
 
   15        f2.write(content) 
 
   16        f2.close() 
 
   17    f1.close() 
 
   18    print 'split file complete!'
 
   19      
 
   20  
 
   21  
 
   22def distFile(sourceFile): 
 
   23    global fileCount 
 
   24    fileCount = fileCount + 1
 
   25    extPos = sourceFile.rfind('.') 
 
   26    if extPos > 0: 
 
   27        return sourceFile + '.part' + str(fileCount) 
 
   28    else:    # extPos == -1 
 
   29        print 'File type? Can not split!'
 
   30        sys.exit(1) 
 
   31  
 
   32def combine(filename): 
 
   33    count = 0
 
   34    extPos = filename.find('.part') 
 
   35    if extPos > 0: 
 
   36        file = filename[:extPos] 
 
   37        f1 = open(file, "wb") 
 
   38        while True: 
 
   39            count = count + 1
 
   40            partFile = file + '.part' + str(count) 
 
   41            if not exists(partFile): 
 
   42                break
 
   43            else: 
 
   44                f2 = open(partFile, "rb") 
 
   45                content = f2.read() 
 
   46                f2.close() 
 
   47                f1.write(content) 
 
   48        f1.close() 
 
   49        print 'combine file complete!'
 
   50  
 
   51    else: 
 
   52        print 'File type? Can not combine!'
 
   53  
 
   54def usage(): 
 
   55    print '''usage is "file.py s[c] filename" or "file.py s[c] filename size(M) /n 's' -- 'split', 'c' -- 'combine" '''
 
   56  
 
   57  
 
   58if __name__ == "__main__": 
 
   59    if len(sys.argv) !=3 and len(sys.argv) !=4: 
 
   60        usage() 
 
   61        sys.exit(1) 
 
   62    if sys.argv[1] == 's': 
 
   63        if len(sys.argv) == 3: 
 
   64            splitFile(sys.argv[2]) 
 
   65        elif len(sys.argv) == 4 and int(sys.argv[3]) > 0: 
 
   66            splitFile(sys.argv[2], int(sys.argv[3])) 
 
   67        else: 
 
   68            usage() 
 
   69        sys.exit(1) 
 
   70      
 
   71    elif sys.argv[1] =='c': 
 
   72        if len(sys.argv) == 3: 
 
   73            combine(sys.argv[2]) 
 
   74        else: 
 
   75            usage() 
 
   76    else: 
 
   77        usage()

使用方法：
分割：file.py s 文件路径每块的文件大小（不填默认为1M）

合并：file.py c 任意部分文件路径
因为用winrar解压缩时双击任何一个部分压缩文件都会成功解压该完成文件而不必只能点击part1,所以这个程序也写成给出任何一个部分文件名都可以合并处完整的文件,这样就可以方便的在命令行随便用鼠标拖入一个分割后的部分文件就可以了。估计winrar的.rar 格式文件里面是包含了压缩信息和共有多少个部分文件的，我的这种自己用的小程序就得人工判断分割成了几部分然后全部copy了。

再用py2exe转换成.exe文件装入U盘就可以了，以后到谁的机器上都可以用了。

转自: http://lulinbest.blog.sohu.com/62764871.html

用Python进行文件操作是比较简单的，在Python中file是内置类型之一，内置的函数open、file都可以创建file对象，创建好之后就可以对其进行读写等操作。

近几天看Python Programing 3rd ，觉得书很不错。

文件分割的原理很简单：以二进制形式打开文件流，按照指定的大小读取，然后写入新文件。

文件合并的原理正好相反。

下面的代码摘自PP3rd里面。

split_file.py

 
   01#!/usr/bin/python 
 
   02########################################################################## 
 
   03# split a file into a set of parts; join.py puts them back together; 
 
   04# this is a customizable version of the standard unix split command-line  
 
   05# utility; because it is written in Python, it also works on Windows and 
 
   06# can be easily modified; because it exports a function, its logic can  
 
   07# also be imported and reused in other applications; 
 
   08########################################################################## 
 
   09       
 
   10import sys, os 
 
   11kilobytes = 1024
 
   12megabytes = kilobytes * 1000
 
   13chunksize = int(1.4 * megabytes)                   # default: roughly a floppy 
 
   14       
 
   15def split(fromfile, todir, chunksize=chunksize):  
 
   16    if not os.path.exists(todir):                  # caller handles errors 
 
   17        os.mkdir(todir)                            # make dir, read/write parts 
 
   18    else: 
 
   19        for fname in os.listdir(todir):            # delete any existing files 
 
   20            os.remove(os.path.join(todir, fname))  
 
   21    partnum = 0
 
   22    input = open(fromfile, 'rb')                   # use binary mode on Windows 
 
   23    while 1:                                       # eof=empty string from read 
 
   24        chunk = input.read(chunksize)              # get next part <= chunksize 
 
   25        if not chunk: break
 
   26        partnum  = partnum+1
 
   27        filename = os.path.join(todir, ('part%04d' % partnum)) 
 
   28        fileobj  = open(filename, 'wb') 
 
   29        fileobj.write(chunk) 
 
   30        fileobj.close()                            # or simply open().write() 
 
   31    input.close() 
 
   32    assert partnum <= 9999                         # join sort fails if 5 digits 
 
   33    return partnum 
 
   34              
 
   35if __name__ == '__main__': 
 
   36    if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == '-help': 
 
   37        print 'Use: split.py [file-to-split target-dir [chunksize]]'
 
   38    else: 
 
   39        if len(sys.argv) < 3: 
 
   40            interactive = 1
 
   41            fromfile = raw_input('File to be split? ')       # input if clicked  
 
   42            todir    = raw_input('Directory to store part files? ') 
 
   43        else: 
 
   44            interactive = 0
 
   45            fromfile, todir = sys.argv[1:3]                  # args in cmdline 
 
   46            if len(sys.argv) == 4: chunksize = int(sys.argv[3]) 
 
   47        absfrom, absto = map(os.path.abspath, [fromfile, todir]) 
 
   48        print 'Splitting', absfrom, 'to', absto, 'by', chunksize 
 
   49       
 
   50        try: 
 
   51            parts = split(fromfile, todir, chunksize) 
 
   52        except: 
 
   53            print 'Error during split:'
 
   54            print sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1] 
 
   55        else: 
 
   56            print 'Split finished:', parts, 'parts are in', absto 
 
   57        if interactive: raw_input('Press Enter key') # pause if clicked

join_file.py

 
   01#!/usr/bin/python 
 
   02########################################################################## 
 
   03# join all part files in a dir created by split.py, to recreate file.   
 
   04# This is roughly like a 'cat fromdir/* > tofile' command on unix, but is  
 
   05# more portable and configurable, and exports the join operation as a  
 
   06# reusable function.  Relies on sort order of file names: must be same  
 
   07# length.  Could extend split/join to popup Tkinter file selectors. 
 
   08########################################################################## 
 
   09       
 
   10import os, sys 
 
   11readsize = 1024
 
   12       
 
   13def join(fromdir, tofile): 
 
   14    output = open(tofile, 'wb') 
 
   15    parts  = os.listdir(fromdir) 
 
   16    parts.sort() 
 
   17    for filename in parts: 
 
   18        filepath = os.path.join(fromdir, filename) 
 
   19        fileobj  = open(filepath, 'rb') 
 
   20        while 1: 
 
   21            filebytes = fileobj.read(readsize) 
 
   22            if not filebytes: break
 
   23            output.write(filebytes) 
 
   24        fileobj.close() 
 
   25    output.close() 
 
   26       
 
   27if __name__ == '__main__': 
 
   28    if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == '-help': 
 
   29        print 'Use: join.py [from-dir-name to-file-name]'
 
   30    else: 
 
   31        if len(sys.argv) != 3: 
 
   32            interactive = 1
 
   33            fromdir = raw_input('Directory containing part files? ') 
 
   34            tofile  = raw_input('Name of file to be recreated? ') 
 
   35        else: 
 
   36            interactive = 0
 
   37            fromdir, tofile = sys.argv[1:] 
 
   38        absfrom, absto = map(os.path.abspath, [fromdir, tofile]) 
 
   39        print 'Joining', absfrom, 'to make', absto 
 
   40       
 
   41        try: 
 
   42            join(fromdir, tofile) 
 
   43        except: 
 
   44            print 'Error joining files:'
 
   45            print sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1] 
 
   46        else: 
 
   47           print 'Join complete: see', absto 
 
   48        if interactive: raw_input('Press Enter key') # pause if clicked