Head First 命令模式

这章我们来看下命令模式，从一个例子开始，我们想做一个遥控器，这个遥控器可以控制灯、电视、风扇、CD机等等，并且还有一个撤销键。这里我们就可以利用命令模式来很好的完成这个遥控器。

我们来看下一般命令模式的流程：

1.首先客户负责创建命令对象。命令对象一般有一个execute函数，代表这个命令要完成的事情

2.客户把命令放在一个控制器中。类似调用控制器的setCommand函数

3.最后控制器会在某个时间点调用刚才那个命令的execute函数，来执行命令。

而这里为了达到解耦的目的，一般在execute会用另一个对象来完成事情。

命令模式：将请求封装成对象，以便使用不同的请求。

命令模式也支持可撤销的操作。

一、简单

下面就是一个简单的实现，我们来看代码,每个Command，必须实现一个execute函数，而且要把实现内容解耦，就要有一个实现类这里就是Light。在遥控器中buttonWasPressed就是条件满足的时候。

public interface Command {
    public void execute();
}

//命令
public class LightOnCommand implements Command {
    Light light;
    public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
        this.light = l ;
    }
    public void execute() {
        light.on();//真正执行的事情
    }
}

//遥控器
public class SimpleRemoteControl {
    Command slot;
    public SimpleRemoteControl() {}
    public void setCommand(Command command) {
        slot = command;
    }
    public void buttonWasPressed() {
        slot.execute();
    }
}

//测试类
public class RemoteControlTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SimpleRemoteControl remote = new SimpleRemoteControl();
        Light light = new Light();
        LightOnCommand lightOn = new LightOnCommand(light);
        
        remote.setCommand(lightOn);
        remote.buttonWasPressed();
    }
}

二、遥控器实现

下面我们再进一步看下遥控器，这里NoCommand也是一个类，这个类的execute函数是一个空实现。

public class RemoteControl {
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;
    public RemoteControl() {
        onCommands = new Command[7];
        offCommands = new Command[7];
        
        Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            onCommands[i] = noCommand;
            offCommands[i] = noCommand;
        }
    }
    
    public setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
    }
    public void onButtonWasPressed(int slot) {
        onCommand[slot].execute();
    }
    public void offButtonWasPressed(int slot) {
        offCommand[slot].execute();
    }
    
}

这里我们再来看下LightOffCommand类

//关灯命令
public class LightOffCommand implements Command {
    Light light;
    public LightOffCommand(Light light) {
        this.light = light ;
    }
    public void execute() {
        light.off();//真正执行的事情
    }
}

测试类

public class RemoteLoader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();
        
        Light livingRoomLight = new Light("living room");
        Light kitchenLight = new Light("kitchen");
        CelingFan fan = new CelingFan("living room");
        
        LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
        LightOffCommand livingRootLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight);
        ...
        CelingFanOnCommand celingFanOn = new CelingFanOnCommand(fan);
        CelingFanOffComand celingFanOff = new CelingFanOffComand(fan);
        
        remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRootLightOff);
        remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOn, kitchenLightOff);
        ...
        
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPressed(0);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPressed(0);
        remoteControl.onButtonWasPressed(1);
        remoteControl.offButtonWasPressed(1);        
        ...
        
    }
}

三、撤销键

下面我们要对撤销键的实现，我们需要在Command的接口中增加undo函数

public interface Command {
    public void execute();
    public vod undo();
}

下面是开灯和关灯命令的undo函数

//开灯命令
public class LightOnCommand implements Command {
    Light light;
    public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
        this.light = l ;
    }
    public void execute() {
        light.on();//真正执行的事情
    }
    public void undo() {
        light.off();
    }
}

//关灯命令
public class LightOffCommand implements Command {
    Light light;
    public LightOffCommand(Light light) {
        this.light = light ;
    }
    public void execute() {
        light.off();//真正执行的事情
    }
    public void undo() {
        light.on();
    }
}

像风扇这种有速度的又如何实现撤销键呢？

public class CelingFanHighCommand implements Command {
    CelingFan fan;
    int prevSpeed;//之前风扇的速度
    public CelingFanHighCommand(CelingFan fan) {
        this.fan = fan;
    }
    public void execute() {
        prevSpeed = fan.getSpeed();
        fan.high();//风扇调到最高速
    }
    public void undo() {
        if (prevSpeed == CelingFan.HIGH) {
            fan.high()
        } else if (prevSpeed == CelingFan.LOW) {
            fan.low();//风扇调到低速
        } else if (prevSpeed == CelingFan.OFF) {
            fan.off();//关了
        }
    }
}

再来看看遥控器增加撤销键的代码：

public class RemoteControl {
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;
    Command undoCommand;
    
    public RemoteControl() {
        onCommands = new Command[7];
        offCommands = new Command[7];
        
        Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            onCommands[i] = noCommand;
            offCommands[i] = noCommand;
        }
        undoCommand = noCommand;
    }
    
    public setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
        onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
        offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
    }
    public void onButtonWasPressed(int slot) {
        onCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = onCommands[slot];
    }
    public void offButtonWasPressed(int slot) {
        offCommands[slot].execute();
        undoCommand = offCommands[slot];
    }
    public void undoButtonWasPressed() {
        undoCommand.undo();
    }
    
}

四、组合功能

多个命令组合，下面就是组合命令

public class MacroCommand implements Command {
    Command[] commands;
    public MacroCommand(Command[] commands) {
        this.commands = commands;
    }
    public void execute() {
        for (int i = 0; i < commands.length; i++) {
            commands[i].execute();
        }
    }
}

那么如何使用呢？

Light light = new Light("living room");
TV tv = new TV("living room");

LightOnCommand lightOn = new LightOnCommand(light);
TVOnCommand tvOn = new TVOnCommand(tv);
...//省略off的命令
Command[] partyOn = {lightOn, tvOn};
Command[] partyOff = {lightOff, tvOff};

MacroCommand partyOnMacrot = new MacroCommand(partyOn);//组合开灯和开电视命令
MacroCommand partyOffMarco = new MacroCommand(partyOff);//组合关灯和关电视命令


remoteControl.setCommand(0, partyOnMacrot, partyOffMarco);//设置命令的按键
remoteControl.onButtonWasPressed(0);//组合键开
remoteControl.offButtonWasPressed(0);//组合键关