Hibernate 超简单的一对多和多对一查询

这里使用的Teacher类和Student类（假设一个Teacher对应多个学生，一个学生对应一个老师）

所需jar包

开始建表

1（表名 teacher）

2（表名 student）

主键都为自增长

创建实体类

Teacher类

package com.bright.po;

import java.util.Set;

public class Teacher {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Set<Student> students;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
				+ ", students=" + students + "]";
	}
}

Student类

package com.bright.po;

public class Student {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Teacher teacher;
	
	public Student() {
		super();
	}
	public Student(String name, Teacher teacher) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.teacher = teacher;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Teacher getTeacher() {
		return teacher;
	}
	public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
		this.teacher = teacher;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
}

配置Teacher类的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bright.po">
    <!-- 
        name：即实体类的全名
        table：映射到数据库里面的那个表的名称
        catalog：数据库的名称
     -->
    <class name="Teacher" table="teacher" catalog="me">
        <!-- class下必须要有一个id的子元素 -->
        <!-- id是用于描述主键的 -->
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <!-- 主键生成策略 -->
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <!-- 
            使用property来描述属性与字段的对应关系
            如果length忽略不写，且你的表是自动创建这种方案，那么length的默认长度是255
        -->
        <property name="name" column="name" length="20"></property>
        <property name="age" column="age" length="20"></property>
        <!-- 一对多关联映射配置（通过部门管理到员工）   
             Teacher映射关键点:  
               1.指定映射的集合属性：students  
               2.集合属性对应的集合表：student  
               3.集合表的外键字段：t_id 
               4.集合元素的类型-->  
        <set name = "students" table = "student">
        	<key column="t_id"></key>
        	<one-to-many class="Student"></one-to-many>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置Student类的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bright.po">
    <!-- 
        name：即实体类的全名
        table：映射到数据库里面的那个表的名称
        catalog：数据库的名称
     -->
    <class name="Student" table="student" catalog="me">
        <!-- class下必须要有一个id的子元素 -->
        <!-- id是用于描述主键的 -->
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <!-- 主键生成策略 -->
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <!-- 
            使用property来描述属性与字段的对应关系
            如果length忽略不写，且你的表是自动创建这种方案，那么length的默认长度是255
        -->
        <property name="name" column="name" length="20"></property>
         <!-- 一对多关联映射配置（通过部门管理到员工）   
             Student映射关键点:  
               1.指定映射的属性：teacher  
               2.集合表的外键字段：t_id 
               3.元素的类型:teacher-->  
        <many-to-one name="teacher" column="t_Id" class="Teacher"></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置Hibrnate的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 配置关于数据库连接的四个项：driverClass  url username password -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///me</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>

        <!-- 可以将向数据库发送的SQL语句显示出来 -->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 格式化SQL语句 -->
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>

        <!-- hibernate的方言 -->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

        <!-- 配置hibernate的映射文件所在的位置 -->
        <mapping resource="com/bright/po/Teacher.hbm.xml" />
        <mapping resource="com/bright/po/Student.hbm.xml" />
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

表中插入几条数据

teacher表

student表

开始测试

首先写个获取Session的工具类

package com.bright.utils;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class SessionUtils {
	public static Session getSession(){
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
		Session session = factory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		return session;
	}
	public static void closeSession(Session session){
		if(session!=null){
			session.getTransaction().commit();
			session.close();
		}
	}
}

具体测试

package com.bright.test;


import java.util.List;


import org.hibernate.Session;


import com.bright.po.Student;
import com.bright.po.Teacher;


import com.bright.utils.SessionUtils;


public class TestTeacher {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionUtils.getSession();
		List<Teacher> list = session.createQuery("from Teacher").list();
		for(Teacher t:list){
			System.out.println(t);
		}
		SessionUtils.closeSession(session);
	}
	
}

输出结果

Hibernate: 
    select
        teacher0_.id as id1_1_,
        teacher0_.name as name2_1_,
        teacher0_.age as age3_1_ 
    from
        me.teacher teacher0_
Hibernate: 
    select
        students0_.t_id as t_id3_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_1_,
        students0_.name as name2_0_1_,
        students0_.t_Id as t_Id3_0_1_ 
    from
        me.student students0_ 
    where
        students0_.t_id=?
Teacher [id=1, name=白起, age=27, students=[Student [id=2, name=苏烈], Student [id=3, name=刘邦], Student [id=1, name=亚瑟]]]
Hibernate: 
    select
        students0_.t_id as t_id3_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_1_,
        students0_.name as name2_0_1_,
        students0_.t_Id as t_Id3_0_1_ 
    from
        me.student students0_ 
    where
        students0_.t_id=?
Teacher [id=2, name=宫本武藏, age=25, students=[Student [id=6, name=兰陵王], Student [id=4, name=孙悟空], Student [id=5, name=荆轲]]]
Hibernate: 
    select
        students0_.t_id as t_id3_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_0_,
        students0_.id as id1_0_1_,
        students0_.name as name2_0_1_,
        students0_.t_Id as t_Id3_0_1_ 
    from
        me.student students0_ 
    where
        students0_.t_id=?
Teacher [id=3, name=后羿, age=55, students=[Student [id=7, name=百里守约], Student [id=9, name=公孙离], Student [id=8, name=马可波罗]]]

可以看出，查询执行了多次，多次生成了sql语句，效率低，所以接下来采用了表的“迫切左外连接”。具体代码：

package com.bright.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.bright.po.Student;
import com.bright.po.Teacher;

import com.bright.utils.SessionUtils;

public class TestTeacher {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionUtils.getSession();
		List<Teacher> list = session.createQuery("select t from Teacher t left outer join fetch t.students").list();
		for(Teacher t:list){
			System.out.println(t);
		}
		SessionUtils.closeSession(session);
	}
	
}

查询结果：

Hibernate: 
    select
        teacher0_.id as id1_1_0_,
        students1_.id as id1_0_1_,
        teacher0_.name as name2_1_0_,
        teacher0_.age as age3_1_0_,
        students1_.name as name2_0_1_,
        students1_.t_Id as t_Id3_0_1_,
        students1_.t_id as t_id3_0_0__,
        students1_.id as id1_0_0__ 
    from
        me.teacher teacher0_ 
    left outer join
        me.student students1_ 
            on teacher0_.id=students1_.t_id
Teacher [id=1, name=白起, age=27, students=[Student [id=3, name=刘邦], Student [id=1, name=亚瑟], Student [id=2, name=苏烈]]]
Teacher [id=1, name=白起, age=27, students=[Student [id=3, name=刘邦], Student [id=1, name=亚瑟], Student [id=2, name=苏烈]]]
Teacher [id=1, name=白起, age=27, students=[Student [id=3, name=刘邦], Student [id=1, name=亚瑟], Student [id=2, name=苏烈]]]
Teacher [id=2, name=宫本武藏, age=25, students=[Student [id=4, name=孙悟空], Student [id=5, name=荆轲], Student [id=6, name=兰陵王]]]
Teacher [id=2, name=宫本武藏, age=25, students=[Student [id=4, name=孙悟空], Student [id=5, name=荆轲], Student [id=6, name=兰陵王]]]
Teacher [id=2, name=宫本武藏, age=25, students=[Student [id=4, name=孙悟空], Student [id=5, name=荆轲], Student [id=6, name=兰陵王]]]
Teacher [id=3, name=后羿, age=55, students=[Student [id=8, name=马可波罗], Student [id=7, name=百里守约], Student [id=9, name=公孙离]]]
Teacher [id=3, name=后羿, age=55, students=[Student [id=8, name=马可波罗], Student [id=7, name=百里守约], Student [id=9, name=公孙离]]]
Teacher [id=3, name=后羿, age=55, students=[Student [id=8, name=马可波罗], Student [id=7, name=百里守约], Student [id=9, name=公孙离]]]

这样就好多了

结构图