每日 Java - Maven 构建工程

准备工作

Java 环境

Windows10 + JDK8

Maven 安装

maven 版本	maven 下载地址
Apache Maven 3.6.3	Download

• 下载后，将包文件解压，我这里是解压到 f 盘，如图所示
  
• 添加环境变量 MAVEN_HOME = F:\install\maven\3.6.3
  
• 将 %MAVEN_HOME%\bin 添加到 PATH 中
• 通过 cmd 命令窗口查看 maven 是否安装成功，我们输入 mvn -version 查看 maven 版本
  
  到这里 maven 手动安装成功。

Maven 构建

maven 命令行说明

命令	描述
mvn	主命令字
archetype:generate	创建新项目
-DgroupId={package name}	包名称
-DartifactId={project name}	工程名称
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart	创建的是java项目

maven 创建工程

在指定创建工程的目录打开 cmd 窗口，输入以下命令

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId="com.test.mvn" -DartifactId=Hello -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart

生成工程如下

我们注意到 maven 的目录结构，我们在手写工程时需要按 maven 的目录结构合入。

APP 代码，这里直接借用了 maven 自动生成的 Hello 代码

package com.test.mvn;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
    }
}

测试代码略

pom.xml 配置说明

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.test.mvn</groupId>
  <artifactId>Hello</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <name>Hello</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

字段	描述
modelVersion	pom模型的版本， 4.0.0 为 maven3 版本
groupId	项目组名称
artifactId	项目组中的唯一 ID
packaging	指定了项目的打包类型，默认是 jar（jar/war/pom）
version	项目版本号，SNAPSHOT是快照版本
name	项目名称，便于用户区分

maven 命令行构建

执行 “mvn clean compile”，编译

mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.test.mvn:Hello >-------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello 1.0.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Code\Java\maven\Hello\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ Hello ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Code\Java\maven\Hello\target\classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.906 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-13T09:25:59+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

执行 “mvn test”，测试

mvn test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.test.mvn:Hello >-------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello 1.0.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
......
......
......
-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.test.mvn.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.038 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.436 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-13T09:26:03+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

执行 “mvn package” 打包

mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.test.mvn:Hello >-------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello 1.0.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
......

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ Hello ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\Code\Java\maven\Hello\target\Hello-1.0.0.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.299 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-13T09:35:42+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

执行 “mvn clean” 清理

mvn clean
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.test.mvn:Hello >-------------------------
[INFO] Building Hello 1.0.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ Hello ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\Code\Java\maven\Hello\target
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.230 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-13T09:41:08+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

简单的 maven 构建工程讲到这里，希望能给大家带来点帮助，祝愉快！

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