提取文件名/目录名
$ var=/dir1/dir2/test.cpp.txt
$ echo ${var}
/dir1/dir2/test.cpp.txt
$ echo ${var#*.}
cpp.txt
$ echo ${var##*.}
txt
$ echo ${var%.*}
/dir1/dir2/test.cpp
$ echo ${var%%.*}
/dir1/dir2/test
$ echo $(basename $var)
test.cpp.txt
$ echo $(basename $var .txt)
test.cpp
$ echo $(dirname $var)
/dir1/dir2