数据库管理系统

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Third Edition
Raghu Ramakrishnan
University ofWisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Johannes Gehrke
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, USA
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dbbook/index.html
http://www.china-pub.com/18315
刘建文略译并整理（http://blog.csdn.net/keminlau）

PREFACE
The advantage of doing one's praising for oneself is that one can lay it on so thick and exactly in the right places.
--Samuel Butler

Database management systems are now an indispensable tool for managing information, and a course on the principles and practice of database systems is now an integral part of computer science curricula. This book covers the fundamentals of modern database management systems, in particular relational database systems.

数据库管理系统(DBMS)是现在信息管理必不可少的工具，因此，讲授数据库系统原理的课程成了计算机科学教学大纲的有机组成部分。本书覆盖了现代DBMS（尤其是关系数据库系统）的基本原理。

We have attempted to present the material in a clear, simple style. A quantitative approach is used throughout with many detailed examples. An extensive set of exercises (for which solutions are available online to instructors) accompanies each chapter and reinforces students' ability to apply the concepts to real problems.

我们尝试以一种简洁的风格来讲授这方面的内容，所以引进一种“量化”方式讲授——使用大量详细例子。另外，为了强化学生对基本概念的理解和应用能力，每一章都带有额外的补充练习（老师可以在网上得到这些练习的答案）。

The book can be used with the accompanying software and programming assignments in two distinct kinds of introductory courses:
1. Applications Emphasis: A course that covers the principles of database systems, and emphasizes how they are used in developing data-intensive applications. Two new chapters on application development (one on database-backed applications, and one on Java and Internet application architectures) have been added to the third edition, and the entire book has been extensively revised and reorganized to support such a course. A running case-study and extensive online materials (e.g., code for SQL queries and Java applications, online databases and solutions) make it easy to teach a hands-on application-centric course.
2. Systems Emphasis: A course that has a strong systems emphasis and assumes that students have good programming skills in C and C++. In
this case the accompanying Minibase software can be used as the basis for projects in which students are asked to implement various parts of a
relational DBMS. Several central modules in the project software (e.g., heap files, buffer manager, B+ trees, hash indexes, various join methods)
are described in sufficient detail in the text to enable students to implement them, given the (C++) class interfaces.
many instructors will no doubt teach a course that falls between these two extremes. The restructuring in the third edition offers a very modular organization that facilitates such hybrid courses. The also book contains enough material to support advanced courses in a two-course sequence.

本书配套的软件和编程练习可分别用于两种性质不一样的课程：
1.应用：这种课程主要介绍数据库系统的应用原理，集中讲述如何应用这些原理去开发数据库应用；
2.系统：这种课程主要讲述数据库系统的构造原理，并且要求学生要非常熟悉C/C++。本书附带了一个小型的DBMS例子--Minibase ，要求学生通过研究它来实现一个关系DBMS的不同组成部分。Minibase的关键模块（像堆文件、缓冲管理器、B+树、散列索引等）在书有详细的讲述，给出了类模块接口，让学生自己能实现一个。

Organization of the Third Edition
The book is organized into six main parts plus a collection of advanced topics, as shown in Figure 0.1. The Foundations chapters introduce database systems, the
(1) Foundations                 Both
(2) Application Development             Applications emphasis
(3) Storage and Indexing             Systems emphasis
(4) Query Evaluation                 Systems emphasis
(5) Transaction Management             Systems emphasis
(6) Database Design and Tuning         Applications emphasis
(7) Additional Topics                 Both
Figure 0.1 Organization of Parts in the Third Edition
ER model and the relational model. They explain how databases are created and used, and cover the basics of database design and querying, including an in-depth treatment of SQL queries. While an instructor can omit some of this material at their discretion (e.g., relational calculus, some sections on the ER model or SQL queries), this material is relevant to every student of database systems, and we recommend that it be covered in as much detail as possible.

本书主要分为七大部分，7如图所示。基础知识部分主要介绍数据库系统、ER模型和关系模型的相关知识，讲述了如何创建和使用数据库，涵盖了数据库的设计和查询，以及对SQL查询语句的深入研究。教师可以根据自己的需要省略某些内容(例如，关系演算，ER模型或者SQL查询语句的某些部分)，但是，这些内容对每个学习数据库知识的学生都是重要的，所以建议教师尽可能地详细讲解这些知识.

Each of the remaining five main parts has either an application or a systems emphasis. Each of the three Systems parts has an overview chapter, designed to provide a self-contained treatment, e.g., Chapter 8 is an overview of storage and indexing. The overview chapters can be used to provide stand-alone coverage of the topic, or as the first chapter in a more detailed treatment. Thus, in an application-oriented course, Chapter 8 might be the only material covered on file organizations and indexing, whereas in a systems-oriented course it would be supplemented by a selection from Chapters 9 through 11. The Database Design and Tuning part contains a discussion of performance tuning and designing for
secure access. These application topics are best covered after giving students a good grasp of database system architecture, and are therefore placed later in the chapter sequence.

在其余的六个主要部分中，每一部分或者侧重应用或者侧重系统。三个侧重系统讲解的部分都有对本部分内容进行概述的章节。例如，本书第8章是对存储与索引部分的概述，教师可以单独讲授这些章节，也可以将其作为某部分的一章。例如，在侧重应用的课程中，第8章可能是惟一涉及到存储和索引的章节，然而在侧重系统的课程中，可以从第9章到第11章中挑出一章来对第8章的内容进行补充。数据库设计与性能调整部分，主要讲述如何为实现安全访问而进行性能调整和设计。这些侧重应用的部分最好是在学生们掌握了数据库系统结构之后讲授，因此放到了本书靠后的部分.