UNP函数笔记八: 名字与地址转换

最新推荐文章于 2021-09-26 10:10:13 发布
最新推荐文章于 2021-09-26 10:10:13 发布
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分类专栏： c unix 笔记 文章标签： struct null socket tcp service stream
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第十一章  名字与地址转换:

#include <netdb.h>
struct hostnet * gethostbyname(const char * hostname);
    error return NULL and set h_errno
    struct hostnet {
        char  * h_name;       /* official (canonical) name of host */
        char ** h_aliases;    /* alias name */
        int     h_addrtype;   /* host addr type: AF_INET */
        int     h_length;     /* length of address: 4 */
        char ** h_addr_list;  /* IPv4 addrs */
    };
    h_errno:
        HOST_NOT_FOUND, TRY_AGAIN, NO_RECOVERY, NO_DATA(NO_ADDRESS)

#include <netdb.h>
struct hostnet * gethostbyaddr(const char * addr, socklen_t len, int family);
    error return NULL and set h_errno
    addr:
        real type is struct in_addr
    family:
        AF_INET
    len:
        4, sizeof(struct in_addr)

#include <netdb.h>
struct servent * getservbyname(const char * servname, const char * protoname);
    error return NULL
    struct servent {
        char  * s_name;    /* official service name */
        char ** s_aliases; /* alias list */
        int     s_port;    /* network byte order */
        char  * s_proto;   /* protocol to use */
    };
    protoname:
        "tcp", "udp", NULL

#include <netdb.h>
struct servent * getservbyport(int port, const_char * protoname);
    error return NULL
    port:
        network byte order
    protoname:
        "tcp", "udp", NULL

#include <netdb.h>
int getaddrinfo(const char * hostname, const char * service, 
                const struct addrinfo * hints, struct addrinfo ** result);
    success return 0, failed return error(EAI_xxx)
    error:
        EAI_AGAIN,  EAI_BADFLAGS, EAI_FAIL,    EAI_FAMILY,   EAI_MEMORY, 
        EAI_NONAME, EAI_OVERFLOW, EAI_SERVICE, EAI_SOCKTYPE, EAI_SYSTEM
    struct addrinfo {
        int         ai_flags;
        int         ai_family;
        int         ai_socktype;
        int         ai_protocol; /* 0 or IPPROTO_xxx for IPv4 and IPv6 */
        socklen_t   ai_addrlen;  /* length of ai_addr */
        char      * ai_canonname;
        struct sockaddr * ai_addr;
        struct addrinfo * ai_next;
    };
    hints only can set: ai_flags, ai_family, ai_socktype, ai_protocol
    ai_flags:
        AI_PASSIVE,  AI_CANONNAME, AI_NUMERICHOST, AI_NUMERICSERV, 
        AI_V4MAPPED, AI_ALL,       AI_ADDRCONFIG

#include <netdb.h>
const char * gai_strerror(int error);

#include <netdb.h>
void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo * ai);

some hostname:
    0::0, 0.0.0.0; 0::1, 127.0.0.1

#include <netdb.h>
int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr * sockaddr, socklen_t addrlen, 
                char * host, socklen_t hostlen, 
                char * serv, socklen_t servlen, int flags);
    success return 0, failed return error(EAI_xxx)
    flags:
        NI_DGRAM,       NI_NAMEREQD,     NI_NOFQDN, 
        NI_NUMERICHOST, NI_NUMERICSCOPE, NI_NUMERICSERV

#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent * gethostbyname_r(const char * hostname, 
                                 struct hostnet * result, 
                                 char * buf, int buflen, int * h_errnop);
    error return NULL
    buflen should >= 8192
struct hostent * gethostbyaddr_r(const char * addr, int len, int type, 
                                 struct hostnet * result, 
                                 char * buf, int buflen, int * h_errnop);
    error return NULL
    buflen should >= 8192

other functions:
    getXXXent, setXXXent, endXXXent
        XXX:host, net, proto, serv
    getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, 
    getprotobyname, getprotobynumber

示例: 

#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    char           *  ptr;
    char           ** pptr;
    char              str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    struct hostent  * hptr;

    while (--argc > 0) {
        ptr = *++argv;
        if ((hptr = gethostbyname(ptr)) == NULL) {
            printf("gethostbyname error for host: %s: %s\n",
                   ptr, hstrerror(h_errno));
            continue;
        }
        printf("official hostname: %s\n", hptr->h_name);

        for (pptr = hptr->h_aliases; *pptr != NULL; ++pptr) {
            printf("\talias: %s\n", *pptr);
        }

        switch (hptr->h_addrtype)
        {
            case AF_INET:
            {
                pptr = hptr->h_addr_list;
                for (; *pptr != NULL; ++pptr) {
                    if (inet_ntop(hptr->h_addrtype, *pptr, 
                                  str, sizeof(str)) == NULL) {
                        err_exit("inet_ntop error");
                    }
                    printf("\taddress: %s\n", str);
                }
                break;
            }
            default:
            {
                err_exit("unknown address type");
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    exit(0);
}


#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"
#include "sock_ntop.h"

#define MAXLINE 4096

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int                   sockfd;
    int                   n;
    char                * paddr;
    char                  recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
    struct sockaddr_in    servaddr;
    struct in_addr     ** pptr;
    struct in_addr      * inetaddrp[2];
    struct in_addr        inetaddr;
    struct hostent      * hp;
    struct servent      * sp;

    if (argc != 3) {
        printf("usage: daytimetcpcli1 <hostname> <service>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if ((hp = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) {
        if (inet_aton(argv[1], &inetaddr) <= 0) {
            printf("hostname error for %s: %s\n", argv[1], hstrerror(h_errno));
            exit(1);
        }
        else {
            inetaddrp[0] = &inetaddr;
            inetaddrp[1] = NULL;
            pptr = inetaddrp;
        }
    }
    else {
        pptr = (struct in_addr **)hp->h_addr_list;
    }

    if ((sp = getservbyname(argv[2], "tcp")) == NULL) {
        printf("gethostbyname error for host: %s: %s\n",
               argv[2], hstrerror(h_errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    for (; *pptr != NULL; ++pptr) {
        if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
            err_exit("socket error");
        }

        bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
        servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        servaddr.sin_port = sp->s_port;
        memcpy(&servaddr.sin_addr, *pptr, sizeof(struct in_addr));

        if ((paddr = sock_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, 
                               sizeof(servaddr))) == NULL) {
            err_exit("sock_ntop error");
        }
        printf("trying %s\n", paddr);

        if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, 
                    sizeof(servaddr)) == 0) {
            break;  /* success */
        }
        printf("connect error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        if (close(sockfd) == -1) {
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    }
    if (*pptr == NULL) {
        printf("unable to connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    while ((n = read(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE)) > 0) {
        recvline[n] = '\0';  /* null terminate */
        if (fputs(recvline, stdout) == EOF) {
            err_exit("fputs error");
        }
    }
    if (n < 0) {
        err_exit("read error");
    }

    exit(0);
}


#include <stdio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

struct addrinfo * 
host_serv(const char * host, const char * serv, int family, int socktype)
{
    int               n;
    struct addrinfo   hints;
    struct addrinfo * res;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;  /* always return canonical name */
    hints.ai_family = family;       /* AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, AF_INET6, etc. */
    hints.ai_socktype = socktype;   /* 0, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, etc. */

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }

    return(res);  /* return pointer to first on linked list */
}


#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

#define LISTENQ 1024

int 
tcp_listen(const char * host, const char * serv, socklen_t * addrlenp)
{
    int               listenfd;
    int               n;
    const int         on = 1;
    struct addrinfo   hints; 
    struct addrinfo * res;
    struct addrinfo * ressave;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }
    ressave = res;

    do {
        listenfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
        if (listenfd == -1) {
            continue;  /* error, try next one */
        }

        if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 
                       &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
            err_exit("setsockopt error");
        }

        if (bind(listenfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
            break;  /* success */
        }

        /* bind error, close and try next one */
        if (close(listenfd) == -1) {
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    } while ((res = res->ai_next) != NULL);

    if (res == NULL) {  /* errno from final socket() or bind() */
        printf("tcp_listen error for %s, %s\n", host, serv);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (listen(listenfd, LISTENQ) == -1) {
        err_exit("listen error");
    }

    if (addrlenp != NULL) {
        *addrlenp = res->ai_addrlen;  /* return size of protocol address */
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ressave);

    return(listenfd);
}


#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

int 
tcp_connect(const char * host, const char * serv)
{
    int               sockfd;
    int               n;
    struct addrinfo   hints; 
    struct addrinfo * res;
    struct addrinfo * ressave;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }
    ressave = res;

    do {
        sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
        if (sockfd == -1) {
            continue;  /* ignore this one */
        }

        if (connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
            break;  /* success */
        }

        if (close(sockfd) == -1) {
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    } while ((res = res->ai_next) != NULL);

    freeaddrinfo(ressave);

    if (res == NULL) {  /* errno set from final connect() */
        printf("tcp_connect error for %s, %s\n", host, serv);
        exit(1);
    }

    return(sockfd);
}


#include <time.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"
#include "sock_ntop.h"
#include "tcp_listen.h"

#define MAXLINE 4096

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int                      n;
    int                      listenfd;
    int                      connfd;
    socklen_t                len;
    socklen_t                addrlen;
    char                     buff[MAXLINE];
    time_t                   ticks;
    struct sockaddr_storage  cliaddr;

    if (argc == 2) {
        listenfd = tcp_listen(NULL, argv[1], &addrlen);
    }
    else if (argc == 3) {
        listenfd = tcp_listen(argv[1], argv[2], &addrlen);
    }
    else {
        printf("usage: daytimetcpsrv2 [ <host> ] <service or port>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    for ( ; ; ) {
        len = sizeof(cliaddr);
        if ((connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, 
                            &len)) == -1) {
            err_exit("accept error");
        }
        printf("connection from %s\n", 
               sock_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len));

        ticks = time(NULL);
        snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%.24s\r\n", ctime(&ticks));
        n = strlen(buff);
        if (write(connfd, buff, n) != n) {
            err_exit("write error");
        }

        if (close(connfd) == -1) {
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    }
}


#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"
#include "sock_ntop.h"
#include "tcp_connect.h"

#define MAXLINE 4096

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int                       sockfd;
    int                       n;
    char                    * paddr;
    char                      recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
    socklen_t                 len;
    struct sockaddr_storage   ss;

    if (argc != 3) {
        printf("usage: daytimetcpcli <hostname/IPaddress> <service/port#>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    sockfd = tcp_connect(argv[1], argv[2]);

    len = sizeof(ss);
    if (getpeername(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &len) == -1) {
        err_exit("getpeername error");
    }

    if ((paddr = sock_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&ss, len)) == NULL) {
        err_exit("sock_ntop error");
    }
    printf("connected to %s\n", paddr);

    while ((n = read(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE)) > 0) {
        recvline[n] = '\0';  /* null terminate */
        if (fputs(recvline, stdout) == EOF) {
            err_exit("fputs error");
        }
    }
    if (n < 0) {
        err_exit("read error");
    }

    exit(0);
}


#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

int 
udp_client(const char * host, const char * serv, 
           struct sockaddr ** saptr, socklen_t * lenp)
{
    int               sockfd;
    int               n;
    struct addrinfo   hints; 
    struct addrinfo * res;
    struct addrinfo * ressave;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }
    ressave = res;

    do {
        sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
        if (sockfd != -1) {
            break;  /* success */
        }
    } while ((res = res->ai_next) != NULL);

    if (res == NULL) {  /* errno set from final socket() */
        printf("udp_client error for %s, %s\n", host, serv);
    }

    if ((*saptr = (struct sockaddr *)malloc(res->ai_addrlen)) == NULL) {
        err_exit("malloc error");
    }
    memcpy(*saptr, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
    if (lenp != NULL) {
        *lenp = res->ai_addrlen;
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ressave);

    return(sockfd);
}


#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

int 
udp_server(const char * host, const char * serv, socklen_t * addrlenp)
{
    int               sockfd;
    int               n;
    struct addrinfo   hints; 
    struct addrinfo * res;
    struct addrinfo * ressave;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }
    ressave = res;

    do {
        sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
        if (sockfd == -1) {
            continue;  /* error - try next one */
        }

        if (bind(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
            break;  /* success */
        }

        if (close(sockfd) == -1) {  /* bind error - close and try next one */
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    } while ((res = res->ai_next) != NULL);

    if (res == NULL) {  /* errno from final socket() or bind() */
        printf("udp_server error for %s, %s\n", host, serv);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (addrlenp != NULL) {
        *addrlenp = res->ai_addrlen;  /* return size of protocol address */
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ressave);

    return(sockfd);
}


#include <netdb.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include "err_exit.h"

int 
udp_connect(const char * host, const char * serv)
{
    int               sockfd;
    int               n;
    struct addrinfo   hints; 
    struct addrinfo * res;
    struct addrinfo * ressave;

    bzero(&hints, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;

    if ((n = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
        printf("host_serv error for %s, %s: %s\n", 
               (host == NULL) ? "(no hostname)" : host, 
               (serv == NULL) ? "(no servname)" : serv, 
               gai_strerror(n));
        exit(1);
    }
    ressave = res;

    do {
        sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
        if (sockfd == -1) {
            continue;  /* ignore this one */
        }

        if (connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0) {
            break;  /* success */
        }

        if (close(sockfd) == -1) {
            err_exit("close error");
        }
    } while ((res = res->ai_next) != NULL);

    if (res == NULL) {  /* errno set from final connect() */
        printf("udp_connect error for %s, %s\n", host, serv);
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ressave);

    return(sockfd);
}


#include <time.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"
#include "sock_ntop.h"
#include "udp_server.h"

#define MAXLINE 4096

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int                       sockfd;
    ssize_t                   n;
    char                    * paddr;
    char                      buff[MAXLINE];
    time_t                    ticks;
    socklen_t                 len;
    struct sockaddr_storage   cliaddr;

    if (argc == 2) {
        sockfd = udp_server(NULL, argv[1], NULL);
    }
    else if (argc == 3) {
        sockfd = udp_server(argv[1], argv[2], NULL);
    }
    else {
        printf("usage: daytimeudpsrv [ <host> ] <service or port>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    for ( ; ; ) {
        len = sizeof(cliaddr);
        n = recvfrom(sockfd, buff, MAXLINE, 0, 
                     (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);
        if ((paddr = sock_ntop((struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len)) == NULL) {
            printf("sock_ntop error");
        }
        printf("datagram from %s\n", paddr);

        ticks = time(NULL);
        snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%.24s\r\n", ctime(&ticks));
        n = strlen(buff);
        if (sendto(sockfd, buff, n, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len) != n) {
            err_exit("sendto error");
        }
    }
}


#include <netdb.h>

#include "err_exit.h"
#include "sock_ntop.h"
#include "udp_client.h"

#define MAXLINE 4096

int 
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int               sockfd;
    int               n;
    char            * paddr;
    char              recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
    socklen_t         salen;
    struct sockaddr * sa;

    if (argc != 3) {
        printf("usage: daytimeudpcli1 <hostname/IPaddress> <service/port#>\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    sockfd = udp_client(argv[1], argv[2], &sa, &salen);

    if ((paddr = sock_ntop(sa, salen)) == NULL) {
        err_exit("sock_ntop error");
    }
    printf("sending to %s\n", paddr);

    if (sendto(sockfd, "", 1, 0, sa, salen) != 1) {  /* send 1-byte datagram */
        err_exit("sendto error");
    }

    if (n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
        err_exit("recvfrom error");
    }
    recvline[n] = '\0';  /* null terminate */
    if (fputs(recvline, stdout) == EOF) {
        err_exit("fputs error");
    }

    exit(0);
}


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11-11 1128
gethostbyname函数 ： 是将主机名转换成对应的IPv4地址； 函数原型： struct hostent *gethostbyname(const char *hostname) //返回： 成功返回一个非空指针，否则返回NULL并设置errno的值 返回： >>> 调用成功，返回一个指向hostent结构的指针，该结构含有所查找主机
UNP 学习笔记 1：Socket 编程基础
锐龙处理器
09-26 258
学习一下 UNP，这里做一些笔记以及结合计网学习对一些点给出自己的理解，方便之后自己复习。资料是 UNPv13e 书本，UNP 课本源码。同时参考的还有 APUE 以及 linuxmanual。 UNP ch1 简介 daytime 客户端程序 socket 套接字，支持网络层到其更上层的各种连接。 其中 UNIX域 specify the network layer protocal such as x.25/ipv4/ipv6 etc. the type spe...
UNP学习笔记讲义
04-29
Linux 网络编程修炼指南内功心法，这个是博主https://blog.csdn.net/q1007729991/article/details/69101159，大家可以互相学习
UNP v1：套接字联网API（第3版）中文PDF版
06-30
《UNIX网络编程 卷1:套接字联网API(中文版 第3版)》...全书不但介绍了基本编程内容，还涵盖了与套接字编程相关的高级主题，对于客户/服务器程序的各种设计方法也作了完整的探讨，最后还深入分析了流这种设备驱动机制。
UNPPlayground:尝试技术可以在 UNP 中使用
07-19
UNP游乐场 尝试技术可以在 UNP 中使用 2015-7-4 注释 扩展可以启动应用程序。 所以我们可以随时启动应用程序。 扩展可以通过 runtime.sendMessage 与应用程序通信。 应用程序可以成功地将消息从扩展保存到特定的...
syllabus:UNP 的 Java OOP 继承类教学大纲
06-08
Java编程 查看带有表列表的 README.md 讲师： M. Saiful mukharom, 个人网站： 需要帮忙？ 讨论并制造。 班级说明 本java类教学大纲讨论面向对象的java编程课程，即抽象、封装、继承和多态。...
unp.rar_W. Richard Stevens_c/C++_unp
最新发布
09-21
"w._richard_stevens"是作者的名字，"c/c++"指的是涉及的编程语言，而"unp"再次提醒我们这可能与《UNIX Network Programming》一书中的内容有关。 【压缩包子文件的文件名称列表】包含两个文件： 1. ...
Java Web项目在Mac系统上启动时提示nodename nor servname provided的解决办法
热门推荐
无处不在
02-16 4万+
今天在Mac系统上启动Java Web项目的时候，提示了java.net.UnknownHostException: MAC-20150101 nodename nor servname provided类似的异常信息错误，然而同样的项目在windows的环境下是可以正常启动运行的。然后在网上找到了解决办法，虽然是英文的，但是根据说的做法，确实可以解决这个问题。现在将这个问题的解决办法分享给大家。
UNP总结 Chapter 11 名字与地址转换
weixin_34391445的博客
08-06 218
本章讲述在名字和数值地址间进行转换的函数：gethostbyname和gethostbyaddr在主机名字与IP地址间进行转换，getservbyname和getservbyport在服务器名字和端口号间进行转换。 1.域名系统 域名系统(Domain Name System，DNS)主要用于主机名与IP地址间的映射。主机名可以是简单名字，如solaris或bsdi，也可以是全限定域名F...
浮点运算转换成整数运算
二斗墨汁
06-02 4726
相比整数运算，浮点运算是很慢的，在效率要求很高的情形下，有时我们得转换成整数运算 如下面的表达式: void get_gray(int red, int green, int blue, int & gray) { gray = static_cast(red * 0.123 + green * 0.456 + blue * 0.421 + 0.5); } 可以转换为:
linux下静态库的依赖顺序
二斗墨汁
04-28 3668
贴下结论： LD在链接生成目标文件时, 会从左到有扫描输入的依赖库, 但是, 当依赖库之间也有依赖关系时,必须将”依赖别人的库”放在 “被别人依赖的库”的前面. 否则,会链接失败!
试题:两个基类有同名的虚函数要实现, 怎么办?
二斗墨汁
01-06 3326
先把问题陈述一下: 有两个类A, B, 它们可能是别人实现的(或是别人提供的库中的类), 很复杂且已经在用, 你不能修改他们, 你想写一个类C同时具有这两个类的特性, 因为自己实现它代价实在是太大, 所以你想到用C继承A, B以达到效果, 但是有一个问题, A, B具有一个同名的虚函数, 你在C中怎么重新实现这个虚函数呢? 先看下面的代码: #include #include usin
【笔记】Qt程序在Windows、OS X、CentOS、Ubuntu下的打包处理
二斗墨汁
08-28 3177
主程序名 web_transmit_adapter Windows： 打包主目录windows：包含子目录web_transmit_adapter和两个打包文件web_transmit_adapter.nsi、和packing.bat 而在web_transmit_adapter子目录中包含了Qt程序web_transmit_adapter.exe以及一些依赖的第三方库文件等 发布
UNP函数笔记七: 基本SCTP套接字编程
二斗墨汁
04-14 2690
第九章  基本SCTP套接字编程: #include int sctp_bindx(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr * addrs, int addrcnt, int flags); flags: SCTP_BINDX_ADD_ADDR, SCTP_BINDX_REM_ADDR success
UNIX网络编程API：Steven神作详解
"《网络编程一stven unp.h》是UNIX网络编程的经典教程，由W. Richard Stevens、Bill Fenner和Andrew M. Rudoff合著，由Addison Wesley出版社于2003年出版。该书共1024页，涵盖了网络编程的基础知识，特别是Sockets...
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