Python 100 -- day 09 面向对象进阶

目录

property–装饰器

__slots__魔法

静态方法、类方法

类之间的关系

继承、多态

综合案例

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property–装饰器

通过包装getter(访问器)、setter(修改器)方法，来访问属性，主要是对属性进行操作
_属性名,暗示收到保护

• property–保镖（一对一），setter、getter方法–中间人(线人)，最终目标：_属性名
• property（保镖）装饰setter、getter(线人)，操作_属性名（最终目标）

__slots__魔法

因为python 是一门动态语言，我们可以对视给对象绑定新的属性或方法，因此，为了限定某些对象只能绑定某种属性，所以出现__slots__
注意：__slots__只限定对当前类的对象生效，对子类并不起任何作用，只管一代

静态方法、类方法

静态方法 @staticmethod
用检验前提条件，比如三角形的存在：两边之和大于第三边，也就是满足大前提，之后根据特有的特性来进行讨论

类方法@classmethod 第一个参数：cls
代表当前类相关信息的对象,通过第一个参数cls可以获取信息
多用多体会

两种方法都是：通过给类发消息来调用的

类之间的关系

三种关系：is-a、has-a、use-a 继承、关联、依赖
例如：

• 继承：学生和人，手机和电子产品，玫瑰和花
• 关联：汽车和引擎，电影和电影院
• 依赖：类其中的方法中的参数被别的类使用，司机有一个驾驶的行为（方法），其中（的参数）使用到了汽车，那么司机和汽车的关系就是依赖关系

继承、多态

继承、父类，子类、重写、多态

综合案例

1.奥特曼打小怪兽
2.扑克游戏
3.工资结算系统

1.

#奥特曼打小怪兽
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from random import randint, randrange

class Fighter(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
	#战斗者

	__slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

	def __init__(self, name, hp):
		self._name = name
		self._hp = hp  #hp生命值

	@property
	def name(self):
		return self._name

	@property
	def hp(self):
		return self._hp

	@hp.setter
	def hp(self, hp):
		self._hp = hp if hp>=0 else 0

	@property
	def alive(self):
		return self._hp > 0

	@abstractmethod
	def attack(self, other):
		#other是被攻击的对象
		pass

class Ultraman(Fighter):
	__slots__ = ('_name', '_hp', '_mp')

	def __init__(self, name, hp, mp):
		#hp--生命值
		#mp--魔法值
		super().__init__(name, hp)
		self._mp = mp

	def attack(self, other):
		other.hp -= randint(15,25)

	def huge_attack(self, other):
		#终究必杀技
		if self._mp >= 50:
			self._mp -= 50
			injury = other.hp * 3 // 4
			injury = injury if injury > 50 else 50
			other.hp -= injury
			return True
		else:
			self.attack(other)
			return False

	def magic_attack(self, other):
		if self._mp >= 20:
			self._mp -= 20
			for temp in other:
				if temp.alive :
					temp.hp -= randint(10,15)
			return True
		else:
			return False

	def resume(self):
		incr_point = randint(1,10)
		self._mp += incr_point
		return incr_point

	def __str__(self):
		return '~~~%s奥特曼~~~\n' % self._name +\
				'生命值：%d\n'  % self._hp + \
				'魔法值：%d\n' % self._mp 

class Monster(Fighter):
	__slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

	def attack(self, other):
		other.hp -= randint(10,20)

	def __str__(self):
		return '~~~%s小怪兽~~~' % self._name + \
				'生命值：%d' % self._hp

def is_any_alive(monsters):
	for monster in monsters:
		if monster.alive > 0 :
			return True
	return False

def select_alive_one(monsters):
	monsters_len = len(monsters)
	while True:
		index = randrange(monsters_len)
		monster = monsters[index]
		if monster.alive > 0:
			return monster

def display_info(ultraman, monsters):
	print(ultraman)
	for monster in monsters:
		print(monster, end='')

def main():
	u = Ultraman('A', 1000, 20)
	m1 = Monster('a', 250)
	m2 = Monster('b', 200)
	m3 = Monster('c', 100)
	ms = [m1,m2,m3]
	fighter_round = 1
	while u.alive and is_any_alive(ms):
		print('========第%02d回合=======' % fighter_round)
		m = select_alive_one(ms)
		skill = randint(1,10)
		if skill <= 6:
			print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
			u.attack(m)
			print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点' % (u.name, u.resume()))
		elif skill <= 9:
			if u.magic_attack(ms):
				print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点。' % (u.name, u.resume()))
			else:
				print('%s使用魔法失败。' % u.name)
		else:
			if u.huge_attack(m):
				print('%s使用终极必杀技虐了%s' % (u.name, m.name))
			else:
				print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s' % (u.name, m.name))
				print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点' % (u.name, u.resume()))
		if  m.alive > 0:
			print('%s回击了%s' % (m.name, u.name))
			m.attack(u)
		display_info(u, ms)
		fighter_round += 1
		print('\n=======战斗结束========\n')
		if u.alive > 0:
			print('%s奥特曼胜利！' % u.name)
		else:
			print('小怪兽胜利！')


if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

2.

import random

class Card(object):
	def __init__(self, suite, face):
		self._suite = suite
		self._face = face

	@property
	def face(self):
		return self._face

	@property
	def suite(self):
		return self._suite

	def __str__(self):
		if self._face == 1:
			face_str = 'A'
		elif self._face == 11:
			face_str = 'J'
		elif self._face == 12:
			face_str = 'Q'
		elif self._face == 13:
			face_str = 'K'
		else:
			face_str = str(self._face)
		return '%s%s' % (self._suite, face_str)

	def __repr__(self):
		return self.__str__()

class Poker(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self._cards = [Card(suite, face)
						for suite in '♠♥♣♦'
						for face in range(1,14)]
		self._current = 0

	@property
	def cards(self):
		return self._cards

	def shuffle(self):
		self._current = 0
		random.shuffle(self._cards)

	@property
	def next(self):
		#洗牌，随机乱序
		card = self._cards[self._current]
		self._current += 1
		return card

	@property
	def has_next(self):
		return self._current < len(self._cards)

class Player(object):
	def __init__(self, name):
		self._name = name
		self._cards_on_hand = []

	@property
	def name(self):
		return self._name

	@property
	def cards_on_hand(self):
		return self._cards_on_hand

	def get(self, card):
		self._cards_on_hand.append(card)

	def arrange(self, card_key):
		self._cards_on_hand.sort(key = card_key)

def get_key(card):
	return (card.suite, card.face)

def main():
	p = Poker()
	p.shuffle()
	players = [Player('东邪'), Player('西毒'), Player('南帝'), Player('北丐')]
	for _ in range(13):
		for player in players:
			player.get(p.next)
	for player in players:
		print(player.name + ':', end=' ')
		player.arrange(get_key)
		print(player.cards_on_hand)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

3.

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod

class Employee(object, metaclass = ABCMeta):
	def __init__(self, name):
		self._name = name

	@property
	def name(self):
		return self._name

	@abstractmethod
	def get_salary(self):
		"""获得月薪
		return: 月薪
		"""
		pass

class Manager(Employee):
	def get_salary(self):
		return 15000.0

class Progammer(Employee):
	def __init__(self, name, working_hour=0):
		super().__init__(name)
		self._working_hour = working_hour

	@property 
	def working_hour(self):
		return self._working_hour

	@working_hour.setter
	def working_hour(self, working_hour):
		self._working_hour = working_hour if working_hour > 0 else 0

	def get_salary(self):
		return 150.0*self._working_hour

class Saleman(Employee):
	def __init__(self, name, sales=0):
		super().__init__(name)
		self._sales = sales

	@property
	def sales(self):
		return self._sales

	@sales.setter
	def sales(self, sales):
		self._sales = sales if sales > 0 else 0

	def get_salary(self):
		return 1200.0 + self._sales * 0.05

def main():
	emps = [
		Manager('刘备'),Progammer('诸葛亮'),Saleman('赵云'),
		Manager('孙权'),Progammer('周瑜'),Saleman('鲁肃'),
		Manager('曹操'),Progammer('荀彧'),Saleman('司马懿')]

	for emp in emps:
		if isinstance(emp, Progammer):
			emp.working_hour = int(input('请输入%s的工作时间:' % emp.name))
		elif isinstance(emp, Saleman):
			emp.sales = float(input('请输入%s的销售额:' % emp.name))
		print('%s本月工资为：￥%s元' % (emp.name, emp.get_salary()))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()