Leetcode 037 Sudoku Solver（递归）

JeraKrs

于 2018-06-09 02:42:02 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/keshuai19940722/article/details/80617512

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本文介绍了一种通过预处理和暴力搜索相结合的方法来解决数独问题。首先预处理每个空白格可能填入的数字，接着利用递归进行深度优先搜索，尝试每一种可能性直至找到合法解。此外还讨论了如何通过直观的解法简化搜索过程。

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题目连接：Leetcode 037 Sudoku Solver

解题思路：预处理出每个'.'可能的数值，然后处理一些直观的解，比如某个位置只有一种可能的数字；或者是它所在的一行，一列或者块，只有它可能为这个数字。

剩下的位置都是有多种可能，它们的取值和其它位置相关联。这里的解决方法是暴力求解，枚举每个位置的值，然后递归，直到所有位置都被赋值并且没有冲突时，答案可知。

class Solution {
	public:
        bool check(int x, int y, char c, vector<vector<char>>& board)  {
            for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
                if (board[x][k] == c) return false;
                if (board[k][y] == c) return false;
                int i = x/3*3+k/3, j = y/3*3+k%3;
                if (board[i][j] == c) return false;
            }
            return true;
		}

		bool dfs(int x, int y, vector<vector<char>>& board) {
			while (x < 9 && board[x][y] != '.') {
				y++;
				if (y == 9) { y = 0; x++; }
			}
			if (x >= 9) return true;

			for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
				if (check(x, y, '1' + k, board) == false) continue;

				board[x][y] = '1' + k;
				if (dfs(x, y, board)) return true;
				board[x][y] = '.';
			}
			return false;
		} 

		void solveSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
			int n = 9, c[9];
			set<int> G[9][9];

			// Find the possible value in '.';
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
					if (board[i][j] == '.') {

						for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) c[k] = 0;
						for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
							if (board[i][k] != '.') c[board[i][k]-'1'] = 1;
							if (board[k][j] != '.') c[board[k][j]-'1'] = 1;
							int x = i / 3 * 3 + k / 3, y = j / 3 * 3 + k % 3;
							if (board[x][y] != '.') c[board[x][y]-'1'] = 1;
						}
						for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
							if (c[k] == 0) G[i][j].insert(k);
					}
				}
			}

			bool change = true;
			while (change) {
				change = false;

				for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
						if (board[i][j] != '.') continue;

						if (G[i][j].size() == 1) {
							set<int>::iterator iter = G[i][j].begin();
							board[i][j] = '1' + *iter;

						} else {
							bool only;
							for (set<int>::iterator iter = G[i][j].begin(); iter != G[i][j].end(); iter++) {

								// Row only
								only = true;
								for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
									if (board[i][k] != '.' || k == j) continue;
									if (G[i][k].count(*iter)) { only = false; break; }
								}
								if (only) { board[i][j] = '1' + *iter; break; }

								// Column only
								only = true;
								for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
									if (board[k][j] != '.' || k == i) continue;
									if (G[k][j].count(*iter)) { only = false; break; }
								}
								if (only) { board[i][j] = '1' + *iter; break; }

								only = true;
								for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
									int x = i/3*3 + k/3, y=j/3*3 + k%3;
									if (board[x][y] != '.' || (x == i && y == j)) continue;
									if (G[x][y].count(*iter)) { only = false; break; }
								}
								if (only) { board[i][j] = '1' + *iter; break; }
							}
						}

						// Remove
						if (board[i][j] != '.') {
							change = true;
							int f = board[i][j] - '1';
							for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
								if (board[i][k] == '.') G[i][k].erase(f);
								if (board[k][j] == '.') G[k][j].erase(f);
								int x = i/3*3+k/3, y = j/3*3 + k%3;
								if (board[x][y] == '.') G[x][y].erase(f);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			dfs(0, 0, board);
		}
};