Spring(三)-IOC使用

目录

基于XML管理bean

入门案例

引入依赖

创建类HelloWorld

创建Spring的配置文件

在Spring的配置文件中配置bean

创建测试类测试

思路

获取bean

方式一：根据id获取

方式二：根据类型获取

方式三：根据id和类型

总结

扩展

结论

依赖注入之setter注入

配置bean时为属性赋值

依赖注入之构造器注入

配置bean

特殊值处理

(1)字面量赋值

(2)null值 

(3)xml实体

(4)CDATA节

为类类型属性赋值

创建Clazz类

修改Student

方式一：引用外部已声明的bean

方式二：内部bean

方式三：级联属性赋值 

为数组类型属性赋值

修改Student

配置bean

测试

类类型的数组类型

为集合类型属性赋值

(1)为List集合类型属性赋值

(2)为Map集合类型属性赋值 

 (3)引用集合类型的bean

p命名空间 

引入外部属性文件

(1)加入依赖

(2)创建外部属性文件

(3)引入属性文件

(4)配置bean

(5)测试

---

基于XML管理bean

入门案例

引入依赖

pom.xml

        <!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring end-->

创建类HelloWorld

com.spring.pojo.HelloWorld

public class HelloWorld {

    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Spring Test");
    }
}

创建Spring的配置文件

创建applicationContext.xml

在Spring的配置文件中配置bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--
        bean:配置一个bean对象，并将对象交给IOC容器管理
        id：bean的唯一标识，不能重复
        class:设置bean对象所对应的全类名
    -->
    <bean id="helloworld" class="com.spring.pojo.HelloWorld"></bean>
</beans>

创建测试类测试

com.kesteler.springTest.TestHelloWorld

public class TestHelloWorld {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld)ioc.getBean("helloworld");
        helloWorld.sayHello();
    }
}

思路

 com.spring.pojo下创建Student

package com.spring.pojo;

public class Student {
    private Integer sid;
    private String sname;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;

    public Student(){

    }

    public Student(Integer sid, String sname, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sid=" + sid +
                ", sname='" + sname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

配置文件applicationContext.xml

<bean id="student1" class="com.spring.pojo.Student"></bean>

创建测试文件com.kesteler.springTest下的TestIOCXml.java

package com.kesteler.springTest;

import com.spring.pojo.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestIOCXml {
    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}

 Spring 底层默认通过反射技术调用组件类的无参构造器来创建组件对象，这一点需要注意。如果在需要无参构造器时，没有无参构造器，则会抛出下面的异常：

获取bean

方式一：根据id获取

由于 id 属性指定了 bean 的唯一标识，所以根据 bean 标签的 id 属性可以精确获取到一个组件对象。

    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        System.out.println(student);
    }

方式二：根据类型获取

    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        //Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

这里如果在配置文件中同一个类配置多个id会发生什么呢？

 说明在配置文件中一个类出现一次即可，要用类名获取对象的话，需要查看配置文件有无同一个类不同id的情况。

如果一个类都不配置呢

 当使用类名去获取对象，仅有且必须有配置一个id

方式三：根据id和类型

    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        //Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        //Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Student.class);
        Student student = (Student)ac.getBean("student1",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

总结

当根据类型获取bean时，要求IOC容器中指定类型的bean有且只能有一个。

所以常用的是第2种方式，根据类型获取。

因为类名往往配置一个即可，如果像配置多个，可以用scope属性更改，可选择单例或者多例：

扩展

如果组件类实现了接口，根据接口类型可以获取 bean 吗？

可以，前提是bean唯一

创建一个Person接口，Student实现Person

public class Student implements Person

测试程序

    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        //Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        //Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Student.class);
        //Student student = (Student)ac.getBean("student1",Student.class);
        Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

如果一个接口有多个实现类，这些实现类都配置了 bean，根据接口类型可以获取 bean 吗？

不行，因为bean不唯一

创建Worker实现Person

package com.spring.pojo;

public class Worker implements Person {
    private Integer wid;
    private String wname;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;

    public Worker() {
    }

    public Worker(Integer wid, String wname, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.wid = wid;
        this.wname = wname;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getWid() {
        return wid;
    }

    public void setWid(Integer wid) {
        this.wid = wid;
    }

    public String getWname() {
        return wname;
    }

    public void setWname(String wname) {
        this.wname = wname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}

继续上一个测试程序

    @Test
    public void testIOC(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        //Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student1");
        //Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Student.class);
        //Student student = (Student)ac.getBean("student1",Student.class);
        Student student = (Student)ac.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

结论

根据类型来获取bean时，在满足bean唯一性的前提下，其实只是看：『对象 instanceof 指定的类型』的返回结果，只要返回的是true就可以认定为和类型匹配，能够获取到。

依赖注入之setter注入

set注入实际上是调用实体类中的set方法，所以数据库字段其实是和实体类中的set和get方法中的get和set后面的部分映射

配置bean时为属性赋值

    <bean id="student2" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="1"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="张三"></property>
        <property name="age" value="3"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="男"></property>
    </bean>

测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC2(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student2",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

依赖注入之构造器注入

实体类中必须有有参构造函数

配置bean

注意：
constructor-arg标签还有两个属性可以进一步描述构造器参数：
index属性：指定参数所在位置的索引（从0开始）
name属性：指定参数名

    <bean id="student3" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="4"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

 测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC3(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student3",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

 在不加Index的情况下是按照构造函数的参数顺序来的，如果顺序有变，可以通过Index赋值

    <bean id="student3" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="4"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="李四"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

 报错：Could not convert argument value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [java.lang.Integer]

原因即是第三个参数age是Integer，无法将String转换成Integer

 修改：

    <bean id="student3" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="4" index="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="李四" index="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

 总结：

1.当construcrot-arg未按构造函数的参数顺序来时，可通过index或者name去指定。

2.当同时有两个有参构造函数时，无法自动适配到使用哪个构造函数，就必须通过name属性去适配构造函数。

特殊值处理

(1)字面量赋值

什么是字面量？
int a = 10;
声明一个变量a，初始化为10，此时a就不代表字母a了，而是作为一个变量的名字。当我们引用a的时候，我们实际上拿到的值是10。
而如果a是带引号的：‘a’，那么它现在不是一个变量，它就是代表a这个字母本身，这就是字面量。所以字面量没有引申含义，就是我们看到的这个数据本身。

(2)null值 

区分：

        <constructor-arg name="gender">
            <null></null>
        </constructor-arg>

 和

        <constructor-arg name="gender" value="null"></constructor-arg>

两者测试程序运行后得到的输出显示是一样的

 但实质区别，一个是空值null，一个字符串“null”

(3)xml实体

<!-- 小于号在XML文档中用来定义标签的开始，不能随便使用 -->
<!-- 解决方案一：使用XML实体来代替 -->
<property name="expression" value="a &lt; b"/>

<!-- 小于号&lt; 大于号&gt; -->

(4)CDATA节

用<![CDATA[expression]]>包裹着就不需要转义

<property name="expression">
<!-- 解决方案二：使用CDATA节 -->
<!-- CDATA中的C代表Character，是文本、字符的含义，CDATA就表示纯文本数据 -->
<!-- XML解析器看到CDATA节就知道这里是纯文本，就不会当作XML标签或属性来解析 -->
<!-- 所以CDATA节中写什么符号都随意 -->
<value><![CDATA[a < b]]></value>
</property>

这里注意CDATA节必须放在value标签中，不能在value属性内部出现。

    <bean id="student4" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="3"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="5" index="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value><![CDATA[<王五>]]></value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="男"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC4(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student4",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

这里有个小细节

    <bean id="student4" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="3"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="5" index="2"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>
                <![CDATA[
                    <王五>
                ]]>
            </value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="男"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

 

为类类型属性赋值

创建Clazz类

com.spring.pojo下 

package com.spring.pojo;

public class Clazz {
    private Integer cid;
    private String cname;

    public Clazz() {
    }

    public Clazz(Integer cid, String cname) {
        this.cid = cid;
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    public Integer getCid() {
        return cid;
    }

    public void setCid(Integer cid) {
        this.cid = cid;
    }

    public String getCname() {
        return cname;
    }

    public void setCname(String cname) {
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Clazz{" +
                "cid=" + cid +
                ", cname='" + cname + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

修改Student

package com.spring.pojo;

public class Student implements Person {
    private Integer sid;
    private String sname;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;
    private Class clazz;

    public Student(){

    }

    public Student(Integer sid, String sname, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Class getClazz(){return clazz;}

    public void setClazz(Class clazz){
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sid=" + sid +
                ", sname='" + sname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                "，clazz=" + clazz +
                '}';
    }
}

 Clazz是类，不能直接用字面量赋值，可以使用以下三种方法：

方式一：引用外部已声明的bean

ref作用：引用IOC容器中的某个bean的id

    <bean id="student5" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="5"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="周五"></property>
        <property name="age" value="5"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="男"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="class1" class="com.spring.pojo.Clazz">
        <property name="cid" value="1001"></property>
        <property name="cname" value="一班"></property>
    </bean>

测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC5(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student5",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

方式二：内部bean

applicationContext.xml

    <bean id="student6" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="6"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="吴六"></property>
        <property name="age" value="6"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="女"></property>
        <property name="clazz">
            <bean id="class2" class="com.spring.pojo.Clazz">
                <property name="cid" value="1001"></property>
                <property name="cname" value="一班"></property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

TestIOCXml.java测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC6(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student6",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

 内部Bean只能在当前Bean的内部使用，不能直接通过ioc来获取。

方式三：级联属性赋值 

applicationContext.xml,利用方式一中已声明的外部class1

    <bean id="student7" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="6"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="吴六"></property>
        <property name="age" value="6"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="女"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cname" value="二班"></property>
    </bean>

TestIOCXml.java测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC7(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student7",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

为数组类型属性赋值

修改Student

package com.spring.pojo;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Student implements Person {
    private Integer sid;
    private String sname;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;
    private Clazz clazz;
    private String[] hobby;
    private Clazz[] classArray;

    public Student(){

    }

    public Student(Integer sid, String sname, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Clazz getClazz(){return clazz;}

    public void setClazz(Clazz clazz){
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    public String[] getHobby(){return hobby;}

    public void setHobby(String[] hobby){
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public Clazz[] getClassArray(){return classArray;}

    public void setClassArray(Clazz[] classArray){
        this.classArray = classArray;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sid=" + sid +
                ", sname='" + sname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                "，clazz=" + clazz +
                "，hobby=" + Arrays.toString(hobby) +
                "，classArray=" + Arrays.toString(classArray) +
                '}';
    }
}

配置bean

applicationContext.xml

    <bean id="student8" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="8"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="王八"></property>
        <property name="age" value="8"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="男"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cname" value="二班"></property>
        <property name="hobby">
            <array>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>乒乓</value>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>

测试

TestIOCXml.java

    @Test
    public void testIOC8(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student8",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

类类型的数组类型

    <bean id="student8" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="8"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="王八"></property>
        <property name="age" value="8"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="男"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cname" value="二班"></property>
        <property name="hobby">
            <array>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>乒乓</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="classArray">
            <array>
                <ref bean="class3"></ref>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="class3" class="com.spring.pojo.Clazz">
        <property name="cid" value="1003"></property>
        <property name="cname" value="三班"></property>
    </bean>

为集合类型属性赋值

(1)为List集合类型属性赋值

在Clazz类中添加以下代码：

package com.spring.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class Clazz {
    private Integer cid;
    private String cname;
    private List<Student> students;

    public Clazz() {
    }

    public Clazz(Integer cid, String cname) {
        this.cid = cid;
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    public Integer getCid() {
        return cid;
    }

    public void setCid(Integer cid) {
        this.cid = cid;
    }

    public String getCname() {
        return cname;
    }

    public void setCname(String cname) {
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Clazz{" +
                "cid=" + cid +
                ", cname='" + cname + '\'' +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }
}

方式一：内部的list结合

配置applicationContext.xml：

这里注意list标签内部的属性也有value和ref，其中value用来赋值字面量，ref用来赋值类类型的引用。

    <bean id="class4" class="com.spring.pojo.Clazz">
        <property name="cid" value="1004"></property>
        <property name="cname" value="四班"></property>
        <property name="students">
            <list>
                <ref bean="student2"></ref>
                <ref bean="student3"></ref>
                <ref bean="student4"></ref>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

 方式二：引用list集合的bean

在applicationContext.xml中增加bean

    <!-- 方式二:引用list集合的bean -->
    <!--
        配置一个集合类型的bean需要用到新的约束util
     -->
    <bean id="class5" class="com.spring.pojo.Clazz">
        <property name="cid" value="1005"></property>
        <property name="cname" value="五班"></property>
        <property name="students" ref="studentList"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 集合类型的Bean -->
    <util:list id="studentList">
        <ref bean="student2"></ref>
        <ref bean="student3"></ref>
        <ref bean="student4"></ref>
    </util:list>

 这里会出现报错：

namespace "util" is not bound

 这需要applicationContext.xml中添加

xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

随后会报错

但无法找到元素 'util:list' 的声明

applicationContext.xml中添加 

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd

 解决报错后，TestIOCXml.java测试程序：

    @Test
    public void testIOC_Class5(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Clazz clazz = (Clazz) ac.getBean("class5",Clazz.class);
        System.out.println(clazz);
    }

 若为Set集合类型属性赋值，只需要将其中的list标签改为set标签即可

(2)为Map集合类型属性赋值 

创建教师类Teacher：

package com.spring.pojo;

public class Teacher {
    private Integer tid;
    private String tname;

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(Integer tid, String tname) {
        this.tid = tid;
        this.tname = tname;
    }

    public Integer getTid() {
        return tid;
    }

    public void setTid(Integer tid) {
        this.tid = tid;
    }

    public String getTname() {
        return tname;
    }

    public void setTname(String tname) {
        this.tname = tname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "tid=" + tid +
                ", tname='" + tname + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 修改Student.java，添加Map属性

package com.spring.pojo;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;

public class Student implements Person {
    private Integer sid;
    private String sname;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;
    private Clazz clazz;
    private String[] hobby;
    private Clazz[] classArray;
    private Map<String,Teacher> teacherMap;

    public Student(){

    }

    public Student(Integer sid, String sname, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Clazz getClazz(){return clazz;}

    public void setClazz(Clazz clazz){
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    public String[] getHobby(){return hobby;}

    public void setHobby(String[] hobby){
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public Clazz[] getClassArray(){return classArray;}

    public void setClassArray(Clazz[] classArray){
        this.classArray = classArray;
    }

    public Map<String,Teacher> getTeacherMap(){
        return teacherMap;
    }

    public void setTeacherMap(Map<String,Teacher> teacherMap){
        this.teacherMap = teacherMap;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sid=" + sid +
                ", sname='" + sname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                "，clazz=" + clazz +
                "，hobby=" + Arrays.toString(hobby) +
                "，classArray=" + Arrays.toString(classArray) +
                ", teacherMap=" + teacherMap +
                '}';
    }
}

map集合赋值方法一:通过map标签

applicationContext.xml中配置bean：

    <bean id="student9" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="9"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="冯九"></property>
        <property name="age" value="9"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="男"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cname" value="二班"></property>
        <property name="hobby">
            <array>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>乒乓</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="teacherMap">
            <map>
                <!--
                                    一个entry表示一个键值对
                                    key-ref 引用类型的键
                                    key 字面量类型的键
                                    value-ref 引用类型的值
                                    value 字面量类型的值
                                 -->
                <entry key="1001" value-ref="teacher1"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value-ref="teacher2"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="teacher1" class="com.spring.pojo.Teacher">
        <property name="tid" value="1001"></property>
        <property name="tname" value="赵老师"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="teacher2" class="com.spring.pojo.Teacher">
        <property name="tid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="tname" value="钱老师"></property>
    </bean>

 TestIOCXml.java测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC9(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student9",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

 map集合赋值方法二:通过< util:map >标签

在applicationContext.xml中新配置Bean

    <util:map id="teacherMap1">
        <entry key="1001" value-ref="teacher1"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value-ref="teacher2"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <bean id="student10" class="com.spring.pojo.Student">
        <property name="sid" value="10"></property>
        <property name="sname" value="陈十"></property>
        <property name="age" value="10"></property>
        <property name="gender" value="女"></property>
        <property name="clazz" ref="class1"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cid" value="1002"></property>
        <property name="clazz.cname" value="二班"></property>
        <property name="hobby">
            <array>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>乒乓</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="teacherMap" ref="teacherMap1"></property>
    </bean>

 TestIOCXml.java测试

    @Test
    public void testIOC10(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student10",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

 (3)引用集合类型的bean

使用util:list、util:map标签必须引入相应的命名空间，可以通过idea的提示功能选择 

p命名空间 

在applicationContext.xml中添加Bean

    <bean id="student11" class="com.spring.pojo.Student" p:sid="11" p:sname="褚十一" p:age="36" p:gender="女"
          p:teacherMap-ref="teacherMap1"></bean>

 注意这里要引入p标签的命名空间

 TestIOCXml.java测试程序：

    @Test
    public void testIOC11(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) ac.getBean("student11",Student.class);
        System.out.println(student);
    }

引入外部属性文件

加入德鲁伊数据库连接池的依赖 

(1)加入依赖

在pom.xml中加入依赖

        <!-- 德鲁伊数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.9</version>
        </dependency>

创建核心配置文件spring-datasource.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="datasource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybtistest"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="000000"></property>
        <!-- 初始化的连接 -->
        <property name="initialSize" value="10"></property>
        <!-- 最大连接数 -->
        <property name="maxActive" value="200"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

创建TestDataSource.java

package com.kesteler.springTest;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class TestDataSource {
    @Test
    public void dataSourceTest(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/spring-datasource.xml");
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = (DruidDataSource) ac.getBean("datasource",DruidDataSource.class);
        try {
            System.out.println(druidDataSource.getConnection());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        druidDataSource.close();
    }
}

(2)创建外部属性文件

创建jdbc.properties,配置数据库

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybtistest
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=000000

(3)引入属性文件

spring-datasource.xml中引入属性文件

    <!-- 引入jdbc.properties,之后可以通过${key}的方式来访问value -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="/jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>

(4)配置bean

spring-datasource.xml中配置bean

    <bean id="datasource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property><!--"com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"-->
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property><!--"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybtistest"-->
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        <!-- 初始化的连接 -->
        <property name="initialSize" value="10"></property>
        <!-- 最大连接数 -->
        <property name="maxActive" value="200"></property>
    </bean>

(5)测试

使用上面的测试程序