学习shell script

1. script的执行方式区别

  sh和source的区别，用source执行会在父进程里面。

2. test命令测试

<span style="font-size:18px;">#!/bin/sh
# Program:
# 	User input a filename, program will check the flowing:
#	1.) exist? 2.) file/directory? 3.) file permissions
# History:
# 2016/07/04  liucan 
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

echo -e "Please input a filename, I will check the filename'typ and \
permission. \n\n"
read -p "Input a filename: " filename
test -z $filename && echo "You MUST input a filename." && exit 0  #-z测试是否是空串

test ! -e $filename && echo "The filename '$filename' DO NOT exist" && exit 0 #-e测试文件是否存在，！是取反意思
test -f $filename && filetype="regulare file"  #测试是否是file
test -d $filename && filetype="directory file" #测试是否是directory
test -r $filename && perm="readable"	       #测试文件是否可读
test -w $filename && perm="$perm writeable"    #测试文件是否可写
test -x $filenmae && perm="$perm executable"   #测试文件是否可执行

echo "The filename: $filename is $filetype"
echo "And the permission are: $perm"</span>

  还有类似的判断符号[]。

4. shell script的默认变量（$0, $1...）

<span style="font-size:18px;">#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Program shows the script name, parameters...
# History:
# 2016/07/04 liucan First release
PATH=#!/bin/sh
# Program:
# 	User input a filename, program will check the flowing:
#	1.) exist? 2.) file/directory? 3.) file permissions
# History:
# 2016/07/04  liucan 
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

echo "The script name is   ==> $0"
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
[ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of parameter is less than 2. Stop here." \
  && exit 0
echo "Your whole parameter is ==>'$@'"
echo "The 1st parameter  ==>$1"
echo "The 2nd parameter ==>$2"
</span>

  另外还有利用shift进行参数变量的偏移。

5. if...then...fi

<span style="font-size:18px;">PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

read -p "Please input your choice(y/n)?: " yy

if [ "$yy" = "Y" ] || [ "$yy" = "y" ]; then
	echo "OK, continue"
elif [ "$yy" = "N" ] || [ "$yy" = "n" ]; then
	echo "Oh, interrupt!"
else
	echo "I don't know what your choice is"
fi
</span>

6.case...in...esac 

<span style="font-size:18px;"># Program:
#	Show "Hello" from $1...  by using case... esac
# History:
# 2016/07/04  liucan  First release
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

case $1 in
  "hello")
	echo "Hello, how are you ?"
	;;
  "")
	echo "You MUST input parameters, ex> {$0 someword}"
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {hello}"
	;;
esac </span>

7. function功能

<span style="font-size:18px;">#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Use function to repeat information.
# History:
# 2016/07/04 liucan release
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

function printit() {
	echo -n "Your choic is "
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case $1 in
  "one")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
	;;
  "two")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
	;;
  "three")
	printit; echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac</span>

8. 循环

  while...do...done

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	Calculate 1 + 2 + ... + n, n is input number
# History:
# 2016/07/05  liucan  First release
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

i=0
sum=0
read -p "Please input the number n: " n
while [ "$i" != "$n" ]
do
	i=$(($i+1))
	sum=$(($sum+$i))
done
echo -e "The answer is $sum\n"

  until...do...done

  把上面的判断句改为 while [ "$i" == "$n" ]  就可以了。

  for...do...done

#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#	input a direction's name, output the files' information in this  direction
# History:
# 2016/07/05  liucan First release
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
export PATH

read -p "Please input the directory's name " dirname
if [ "$dirname" == "" -o ! -d "$dirname" ]; then
	echo "Please input a directory's name" 
	exit 0
fi

filelist=$(ls $dirname)
for filename in $filelist
do
	perm=""
	test -r "$dirname/$filename" && perm="$perm readable"
	test -w "$dirname/$filename" && perm="$perm writeable"
	test -x "$dirname/$filename" && perm="$perm executable"
	echo -e "The file $dir/$filename's permission is $perm \n"
done

9. shell script的追踪和调试

  sh [-nvx] name.sh

  -n：不执行，仅查询语法问题

  -v：在执行前，先将其内容输出到屏幕上

  -x：将使用到的内容显示到屏幕上。