Socket类包含了许多有用的方法。比如getLocalAddress()将返回一个包含客户程序IP地址的 InetAddress子类对象的引用;getLocalPort()将返回客户程序的端口号;getInetAddress()将返回一个包含服务器 IP地址的InetAddress子类对象的引用;getPort()将返回服务程序的端口号。
ServerSocket类
由于SSClient使用了流套接字,所以服务程序也要使用流套接字。这就要创建一个ServerSocket对象, ServerSocket有几个构造函数,最简单的是ServerSocket(int port),当使用ServerSocket (int port)创建一个ServerSocket对象,port参数传递端口号,这个端口就是服务器监听连接请求的端口,如果在这时出现错误将抛出 IOException异常对象,否则将创建ServerSocket对象并开始准备接收连接请求。
接下来服务程序进入无限循环之中,无限循环从调用ServerSocket的accept()方法开始,在调用开始后accept()方法将导致调用线程 阻塞直到连接建立。在建立连接后accept()返回一个最近创建的Socket对象,该Socket对象绑定了客户程序的IP地址或端口号。
由于存在单个服务程序与多个客户程序通讯的可能,所以服务程序响应客户程序不应该花很多时间,否则客户程序在得到服务前有可能花很多时间来等待通讯的建 立,然而服务程序和客户程序的会话有可能是很长的(这与电话类似),因此为加快对客户程序连接请求的响应,典型的方法是服务器主机运行一个后台线程,这个 后台线程处理服务程序和客户程序的通讯。
为了示范我们在上面谈到的慨念并完成SSClient程序,下面我们创建一个SSServer程序,程序将创建一个ServerSocket对象来监听端 口10000的连接请求,如果成功服务程序将等待连接输入,开始一个线程处理连接,并响应来自客户程序的命令。下面就是这段程序的代码: Listing 3: SSServer.java
// SSServer.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; class SSServer { public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException { System.out.println ("Server starting.../n"); // Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection // requests on port 10000. ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000); while (true) { // Listen for incoming connection requests from client // programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket // object that represents this connection. Socket s = server.accept (); System.out.println ("Accepting Connection.../n"); // Start a thread to handle the connection. new ServerThread (s).start (); } } } class ServerThread extends Thread { private Socket s; ServerThread (Socket s) { this.s = s; } public void run () { BufferedReader br = null; PrintWriter pw = null; try { // Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's // byte-oriented input stream. The input stream reader // converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The // conversion is based on the platform's default character // set. InputStreamReader isr; isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ()); // Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream // reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenient method // for reading entire lines of text. br = new BufferedReader (isr); // Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte- // oriented output stream. The print writer creates an // intermediate output stream writer that converts // characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion // is based on the platform's default character set. pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true); // Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date // and time information. Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance (); // Because the client program may send multiple commands, a // loop is required. Keep looping until the client either // explicitly requests termination by sending a command // beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests // termination by closing its output stream. do { // Obtain the client program's next command. String cmd = br.readLine (); // Exit if client program has closed its output stream. if (cmd == null) break; // Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison. cmd = cmd.toUpperCase (); // If client program sends BYE command, terminate. if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE")) break; // If client program sends DATE or TIME command, return // current date/time to the client program. if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") || cmd.startsWith ("TIME")) pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ()); // If client program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command, // return current day of month to the client program. if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM")) pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)); // If client program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command, // return current weekday (as a string) to the client // program. if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW")) switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)) { case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY"); break; case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY"); break; case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY"); break; case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY"); break; case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY"); break; case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY"); break; case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY"); } // If client program sends DOY (Day of Year) command, // return current day of year to the client program. if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY")) pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR)); // If client program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three // seconds. if (cmd.startsWith ("PAUSE")) try { Thread.sleep (3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } while (true); { catch (IOException e) { System.out.println (e.toString ()); } finally { System.out.println ("Closing Connection.../n"); try { if (br != null) br.close (); if (pw != null) pw.close (); if (s != null) s.close (); } catch (IOException e) { } } } } |
运行这段程序将得到下面的输出:
Server starting... Accepting Connection... Closing Connection... |
SSServer的源代码声明了一对类:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法创建了一个 ServerSocket对象来监听端口10000上的连接请求,如果成功, SSServer进入一个无限循环中,交替调用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法来等待连接请求,同时启动后台线程处理连接(accept()返回的请求)。线程由ServerThread继承的start ()方法开始,并执行ServerThread的run()方法中的代码。
一旦run()方法运行,线程将创建BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar对象并进入一个循环,这个循环由读(通 过BufferedReader的 readLine())来自客户程序的一行文本开始,文本(命令)存储在cmd引用的string对象中,如果客户程 序过早的关闭输出流,会发生什么呢?答案是:cmd将得不到赋值。
注意必须考虑到这种情况:在服务程序正在读输入流时,客户程序关闭了输出流,如果没有对这种情况进行处理,那么程序将产生异常。
一旦编译了SSServer的源代码,通过输入Java SSServer来运行程序,在开始运行SSServer后,就可以运行一个或多个SSClient程序。