Linux实战002：下载软件太慢了？赶紧更换国内镜像源吧！

前面我们在安装Ubuntu18.04系统时就遇到一个配置软件源的选项，系统默认软件原来自Ubuntu官方。但是官方软件源在国内使用并不理想，不仅网速非常慢而且容易出现超时的现象。所以一般我们都会选择更换国内镜像源来安装软件（比如阿里、网易、清华、中科大等都提供了不错的镜像源），我们只要选择一个适合自己地区的镜像源进行更换就可以大幅度的提升软件下载速度了。

备份Ubuntu官方源文件

养成好习惯在更改配置之前最好先做个备份，万一出现问题还可以恢复哦！然后再窗口中执行以下命名：

cd /etc/apt                              // 进入到apt目录
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.back   // 复制sources.list文件

 修改sources.list文件

使用超级权限来修改sources.list文件，执行命令：sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list打开sources.list文件。vim是vi增强版的编辑工具，是一个功能丰富，使用快捷，应用广泛的开源免费软件。大多数linux系统上都自带vim编辑器，可以对文本文件进行建立，显示，编辑，删除，复制等操作。我们通过vim将Ubuntu官方源注释掉（或者直接删掉）然后换上国内源即可（这里我换的清华源），复制清华源文件粘贴到文件中后退出输入模式并输入 : wq保存退出文件。

更新软件源

修改并保存好sources.list文件后我们就可以来试试更新软件源了，使用 sudo apt-get update 命令即可更新获取清华软件源提供的软件列表。

更新软件

软件源更新好了我们就可以尝试下更新软件了，执行命令：sudo apt-get upgrade即可更新已安装软件。

知识拓展：vim 使用

vim 分为三种模式，分别是命令模式、输入模式、底线命令模式。当启动vim时进入命令模式，该模式只有一些最基本的命令。比如你要进入输入模式可以输入i、删除当前行可以输入dd、切换底线模式可以输入符号：等。进入输入模式之后可以才可正常输入内容，退出则按ESC键即可切换回命令模式。进入底线模式时可以对文件进行操作，比如wq为保存并退出文件。

其他软件源

还有很多不错的国内源可以使用，这里为大家收集了些常用的国内源。大家可以根据自己的需求选择适合自己的软件源进行更换，更换之后记得更新软件源！

#清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#北京交大
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe