JBuilder+Hibernate+Tomcat快速入门

JBuilder+Hibernate+Tomcat快速入门

高科华
 

作者简介：高科华，南京航空学院计算数学专业硕士，有十年以上的企业信息化工作经验。目前的研究兴趣,J2EE企业应用、ERP软件研发、数据仓库系统研发。

本文给出了用JBuilder开发Hibernate+Tomcat Web应用的一般步骤。

 

1.        下载hibernate-2.1.x.zip
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/hibernate/?sort_by=date&sort=desc

2.        安装，将zip文件解压到JBuilder_HOME/ thirdparty

3.        在JBuilder2005中新建hibernate库，选择菜单Tools-Configure-Libraries，在弹出的对话框中点击New按钮，输入hibernate库的名称：hibernate，点击Add按钮，将hibernate目录中的文件hibernate2.jar增加到hibernate库中,根据需要将hibernate/lib目录中的相应的*.jar增加到hibernate库中,一般需要这些类库：dom4j、CGLIB、Commons Collections、Commons Logging、ODMG4、EHCache

4.        新建工程文件，选菜单File-New Project，给工程文件取名为myProject

设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，选择Tomcat作为服务器，将hibernate库加入Path/Required Libraries。

5.        新建Web模块，选菜单File-New，给Web模块取名为quickstart

6.        用servlet向导新建一个servlet文件，选菜单File-New，在弹出的对话框中选择Web-Standard Servlet,取名为Servlet1，在向导的第五步选择Create a runtime configuration

7.        运行Servlet1

8.         将quickstart/Tomcat/conf目录中的文件server8080.xml加入工程文件，修改server8080.xml的内容

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<Server debug="0" port="8081" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

  <Service name="Catalina">

    <Connector acceptCount="10" connectionTimeout="60000" debug="0" maxThreads="75" minSpareThreads="5" port="8080"/>

    <Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">

      <Host appBase="C:/jbproject/quickstart/Tomcat/webapps" autoDeploy="false" debug="0" deployXML="false" name="localhost" unpackWARs="false">

        <!--Context debug="0" docBase="C:/jbproject/quickstart/quickstart" path="/quickstart" reloadable="true" workDir="C:/jbproject/quickstart/Tomcat/work/quickstart"/-->

        <Context path="/quickstart" docBase="C:/jbproject/quickstart/quickstart" workDir="C:/jbproject/quickstart/Tomcat/work/quickstart">

          <Resource name="jdbc/quickstart" scope="Shareable" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>

          <ResourceParams name="jdbc/quickstart">

            <parameter>

              <name>factory</name>

              <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>

            </parameter>

            <!-- DBCP database connection settings -->

            <parameter>

              <name>url</name>

              <value>jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</value>

              <!--value>jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://nt04:1433;DatabaseName=test</value-->

            </parameter>

            <parameter>

              <name>driverClassName</name>

              <value>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</value>

              <!--value>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</value-->

            </parameter>

            <parameter>

              <name>username</name>

              <value>sa</value>

            </parameter>

            <parameter>

              <name>password</name>

              <value></value>

            </parameter>

            <!-- DBCP connection pooling options -->

            <parameter>

              <name>maxWait</name>

              <value>3000</value>

            </parameter>

            <parameter>

              <name>maxIdle</name>

              <value>100</value>

            </parameter>

            <parameter>

              <name>maxActive</name>

              <value>10</value>

            </parameter>

          </ResourceParams>

        </Context>

      </Host>

    </Engine>

  </Service>

</Server>

 

9.        设置hibernate，在quickstart/src目录中新建文件hibernate.cfg.xml如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
     
     

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration
     
     

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
     
     

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd">
     
     

<hibernate-configuration>
     
     

    <session-factory>
     
     

        <property name="connection.datasource">java:comp/env/jdbc/quickstart</property>
     
     

        <property name="show_sql">false</property>
     
     

        <property name="dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</property>
     
     

        <!-- Mapping files -->
     
     

        <mapping resource="Cat.hbm.xml"/>
     
     

    </session-factory>
     
     

</hibernate-configuration>
     
     

 

 

10.    新建一个持久类

 

package net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart;
     
     

public class Cat {
     
     

    private String id;
     
     

    private String name;
     
     

    private char sex;
     
     

    private float weight;
     
     

    public Cat() {
     
     

    }
     
     

    public String getId() {
     
     

        return id;
     
     

    }
     
     

    private void setId(String id) {
     
     

        this.id = id;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public String getName() {
     
     

        return name;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public void setName(String name) {
     
     

        this.name = name;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public char getSex() {
     
     

        return sex;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public void setSex(char sex) {
     
     

        this.sex = sex;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public float getWeight() {
     
     

        return weight;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public void setWeight(float weight) {
     
     

        this.weight = weight;
     
     

    }
     
     

}
     
     

 

11.    在quickstart/src目录中新建影射文件cat.hbm.xml如下：

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>
     
     

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
     
     

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
     
     

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">
     
     

<hibernate-mapping>
     
     

    <class name="net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart.Cat" table="CAT">
     
     

        <!-- A 32 hex character is our surrogate key. It's automatically
     
     

            generated by Hibernate with the UUID pattern. -->
     
     

        <id name="id" type="string" unsaved-value="null" >
     
     

            <column name="CAT_ID" sql-type="char(32)" not-null="true"/>
     
     

            <generator class="uuid.hex"/>
     
     

        </id>
     
     

        <!-- A cat has to have a name, but it shouldn' be too long. -->
     
     

        <property name="name">
     
     

            <column name="NAME" length="16" not-null="true"/>
     
     

        </property>
     
     

        <property name="sex"/>
     
     

        <property name="weight"/>
     
     

    </class>
     
     

</hibernate-mapping>
     
     

 

12.   准备数据库

13.   新建一个类HibernateUtil

import net.sf.hibernate.*;
     
     

import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*;
     
     

public class HibernateUtil {
     
     

    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HibernateUtil.class);
     
     

    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
     
     

    static {
     
     

        try {
     
     

            // Create the SessionFactory
     
     

            sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
     
     

        } catch (Throwable ex) {
     
     

            log.error("Initial SessionFactory creation failed.", ex);
     
     

            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
     
     

        }
     
     

    }
     
     

    public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();
     
     

    public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {
     
     

        Session s = (Session) session.get();
     
     

        // Open a new Session, if this Thread has none yet
     
     

        if (s == null) {
     
     

            s = sessionFactory.openSession();
     
     

            session.set(s);
     
     

        }
     
     

        return s;
     
     

    }
     
     

    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
     
     

        Session s = (Session) session.get();
     
     

        session.set(null);
     
     

        if (s != null)
     
     

            s.close();
     
     

    }
     
     

}
     
     

 

 

14.   修改Servlet1.java

 

package net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart;
     
     

import javax.servlet.*;
     
     

import javax.servlet.http.*;
     
     

import java.io.*;
     
     

import java.util.*;
     
     

import net.sf.hibernate.Transaction;
     
     

import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;
     
     

import net.sf.hibernate.Session;
     
     

import net.sf.hibernate.Query;
     
     

public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
     
     

    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=Big5";
     
     

    private HibernateUtil hibernateUtil = null;
     
     

    //Initialize global variables
     
     

    public void init() throws ServletException {
     
     

    }
     
     

    //Process the HTTP Get request
     
     

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
     
     

            ServletException, IOException {
     
     

        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
     
     

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
     
     

        hibernateUtil = new HibernateUtil();
     
     

        try {
     
     

            Session session = hibernateUtil.currentSession();
     
     

            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
     
     

            Cat princess = new Cat();
     
     

            princess.setName("Princess");
     
     

            princess.setSex('F');
     
     

            princess.setWeight(7.4f);
     
     

            session.save(princess);
     
     

            tx.commit();
     
     

            Query query = session.createQuery(
     
     

                    "select c from Cat as c where c.sex = :sex");
     
     

            query.setCharacter("sex", 'F');
     
     

            out.println("<html>");
     
     

            out.println("<head><title>Servlet1</title></head>");
     
     

            out.println("<body bgcolor=/"#ffffff/">");
     
     

            for (Iterator it = query.iterate(); it.hasNext(); ) {
     
     

                Cat cat = (Cat) it.next();
     
     

                out.println("<p>Female Cat: " + cat.getName()+"</p>");
     
     

            }
     
     

            out.println("</body>");
     
     

            out.println("</html>");
     
     

            out.close();
     
     

            tx.commit();
     
     

            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
     
     

        } catch (HibernateException e) {
     
     

            e.printStackTrace();
     
     

        }
     
     

    }
     
     

    //Process the HTTP Post request
     
     

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
     
     

            ServletException, IOException {
     
     

        doGet(request, response);
     
     

    }
     
     

    //Process the HTTP Put request
     
     

    public void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
     
     

            ServletException, IOException {
     
     

    }
     
     

    //Clean up resources
     
     

    public void destroy() {
     
     

    }
     
     

}
     
     

 

 

15.      再次运行Servlet1，报错。

16.      设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，在弹出的对话框中选择Build-Resource-xml，选择选择按钮Copy。这一步是为了在重建工程文件时把src目录中的xml文件拷贝到classes目录中。

17.      再次运行Servlet1，你将看到使用了hibernate后的显示结果。

 

 

“hibernate.cfg.xml not found”。

用JUnit测试时，文件hibernate.cfg.xml中需增加如下内容：

    <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
     
     

    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
     
     

    <property name="username">sa</property>
     
     

    <property name="password"></property>
     
     

    <property name="connection.provider_class"> net.sf.hibernate.connection.DBCPConnectionProvider</property>
     
     

    <property name="connection.pool_size">50</property>
     
     

    <property name="dbcp.maxActive">100</property>
     
     

    <property name="dbcp.whenExhaustedAction">1</property>
     
     

    <property name="dbcp.maxWait">120000</property>
     
     

<property name="dbcp.maxIdle">10</property>
     
     

 

 

参考资源

http://www.hibernate.org/hib_docs/reference/en/html/quickstart.html