继承与初始化和构造器的调用

调用构造器要遵循以下顺序：

1、调用基类构造器。这个步骤会不断反复递归下去，首先是构造这种层次结构的根，然后是下一层导出类，等等，直到最底层的导出类。

2、按声明顺序调用成员的初始化方法。

3、调用导出类构造器的主体。

继承与初始化

请看下例：

class Insect {
	private int i = 9;
	protected int j;// protected static int j; 上转型时 j 不再初始化，为39

	Insect() {
		System.out.println("i=" + i + ",j=" + j);
		j = 39;
	}

	private static int x1 = printInit("static Insect.x1 initialized");

	static int printInit(String s) {
		System.out.println(s);
		return 47;
	}
}

public class Beetle extends Insect {
	private int k = printInit("Beetle.k initialized");

	public Beetle() {
		System.out.println("k=" + k);
		System.out.println("j=" + j);
	}

	private static int x2 = printInit("static Insect.x2 initialized");

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("Beetle constructor");
		Beetle b = new Beetle();
		System.out.println();
		Insect a = new Beetle();
	}
}

运行结果：

static Insect.x1 initialized
static Insect.x2 initialized
Beetle constructor
i=9,j=0
Beetle.k initialized
k=47
j=39

i=9,j=0
Beetle.k initialized
k=47
j=39

构造器的调用顺序

请看下例：

class Meal {
	Meal() {
		System.out.println("Meal()");
	}
}

class Bread {
	Bread() {
		System.out.println("Bread()");
	}
}

class Cheese {
	Cheese() {
		System.out.println("Cheese()");
	}
}

class Lettuce {
	Lettuce() {
		System.out.println("Lettuce()");
	}
}

class Lunch extends Meal {
	Lunch() {
		System.out.println("Lunch()");
	}
}

class PortableLunch extends Lunch {
	PortableLunch() {
		System.out.println("PortableLunch()");
	}
}

public class Sandwich extends PortableLunch {

	private Bread b = new Bread();
	private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();
	private Cheese c = new Cheese();

	public Sandwich() {
		System.out.println("Sandwich()");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Sandwich();
	}
}

运行结果：

Meal()
Lunch()
PortableLunch()
Bread()
Lettuce()
Cheese()
Sandwich()