struts2.3.16之环境搭建

    1、首先先在网上下载struts2.3.16的完整版，里面有几个文件夹，分别为：apps——范例代码，docs——api，lib——类库，src——源码

    2、在myeclipse中新建一个java web project，名称为sshTest

    3、添加所需要的类包，在WebContent/WEB-INF/lib目录下，以下为必需的类包

    

    4、接下来就是编写struts配置文件，struts配置文件放在src目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
	<!-- bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="spring" class="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory" />
		<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /-->
	<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation"
		value="false" />
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

	<package name="example" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<default-action-ref name="index" />

		<global-results>
			<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
		</global-results>

		<global-exception-mappings>
			<exception-mapping exception="java.lang.Exception"
				result="error" />
		</global-exception-mappings>

		<action name="Login" class="example.LoginAction"
			method="execute">
			<result>/example/Welcome.jsp</result>
			<result name="turntofirst" type="redirectAction">First</result>
		</action>

		<action name="First" class="example.FirstAction" method="execute">
			<result name="success">/example/first.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>

	<!-- include file="example.xml"/-->
</struts>

    5、然后是编写web.xml配置文件来启动struts框架，配置struts2的核心过滤器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

	<display-name>SSH test</display-name>

	<!-- listener>
		<listener-class>
			org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
		</listener-class>
	</listener-->

	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>
			org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
		</filter-class>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

    6、部署项目到tomcat中，如果后台报错，

Line: 209 - com/opensymphony/xwork2/spring/SpringObjectFactory.java:209:-1

原因两个：
1.lib中多导入包的大原因：去掉struts2-spring-plugin-2.1.8包即可，因为没有用到spring。
2.还有的原因是用spring了，却没加监听器，在web.xml里面加上

 <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

    7、项目结构为

    进行测试：

1、配置2个action，其中result中type为redirectAction，转向另一个action

<action name="Login" class="example.LoginAction"
			method="execute">
			<result>/example/Welcome.jsp</result>
			<result name="turntofirst" type="redirectAction">First</result>
		</action>

		<action name="First" class="example.FirstAction" method="execute">
			<result name="success">/example/first.jsp</result>
		</action>

2、在src下编写action文件，并加入相应的属性、getter/setter、execute方法

LoginAction：

public String execute() throws Exception {
		if("kevin".equals(getUsername())){
			return SUCCESS;
		}else{
			return "turntofirst";
		}
	}

	@SkipValidation
	public String form() throws Exception {
		return INPUT;
	}

	private String username;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	private String password;

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

FirstAction：

private String msg;

	public String getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}

	public void setMsg(String msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

	public String execute() {
		msg = "第一个struts程序";
		return "success";
	}

3、访问页面http://localhost:8080/sshTest/example/Login.jsp

如果username为kevin则转向welcome.jsp页面，否则转向first.jsp页面

first.jsp页面用el表达式输出msg

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>first struts</title>
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    ${msg}
  </body>
</html>

这样，一个简单的struts程序就搭建起来了

接下来我们添加个登录校验

1、首先需要我们的action继承ActionSupport类，需要重写其validate()方法

2、在LoginAction中添加validate()方法

@Override
	// 添加校验
	public void validate() {
		if (getUsername() == null || getUsername().trim().equals("")) {
			addFieldError("username", "用户名不能为空！");
		}
		if (getPassword() == null || getPassword().trim().equals("")) {
			addFieldError("password", "密码不能为空！");
		}
	}

3、struts.xml中result配置input

<result name="input">/demo/jsp/Login.jsp</result>

4、当页面中用户名或密码为空时，struts框架就会为我们自动校验

但这种校验方式不能支持国际化，所以我们可以采用struts2的校验框架
下面是校验规则的定义文件：

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">

<validators>
	<field name="username">
		<!-- requiredstring类型表示该表单域必须填写 -->
		<field-validator type="requiredstring">
			<!-- 如果校验失败则显示以下信息 -->
			<message key="requiredstring" />
		</field-validator>
	</field>
	<field name="password">
		<field-validator type="requiredstring">
			<message key="requiredstring" />
		</field-validator>
	</field>
</validators>

文件命名为：类名--validation.xml，在这里则为LoginAction-validation.xml，放在和action同一路径下，同样要定义input的逻辑视图名
定义一个属性文件：package.properties，校验信息从这里获取

HelloWorld.message= Struts is up and running ...
requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.
password = Password
username = User Name
Missing.message =  This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.