Delphi中DBGrid 应用全书(一) | ||
[ 作者:佚名 转贴自:本站原创 点击数:3340 更新时间: 2004-11-21 文章录入:luokang ] | ||
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打印 TDBGrid内容----方法1
procedure PrintDbGrid(DataSet:TDataSet;DbGrid:TDbGrid;Title:String);
var
PointX,PointY:integer;
ScreenX:integer;
i,lx,ly:integer;
px1,py1,px2,py2:integer;
RowPerPage,RowPrinted:integer;
ScaleX:Real;
THeight:integer;
TitleWidth:integer;
SumWidth:integer;
PageCount:integer;
SpaceX,SpaceY:integer;
RowCount:integer;
begin
PointX:=Round(GetDeviceCaps(printer.Handle,LOGPIXELSX)/2.54);
PointY:=Round(GetDeviceCaps(printer.Handle,LOGPIXELSY)/2.54);
ScreenX:=Round(Screen.PixelsPerInch/2.54);
ScaleX:=PointX/ScreenX;
RowPrinted:=0;
SumWidth:=0;
printer.BeginDoc;
With Printer.Canvas do
begin
DataSet.DisableControls;
DataSet.First ;
THeight:=Round(TextHeight('我')*1.5);//设定每行高度为字符高的1.5倍
SpaceY:= Round(TextHeight('我')/4);
SpaceX:=Round(TextWidth('我')/4);
RowPerpage:=Round((printer.PageHeight-5*PointY)/THeight); //上下边缘各
2厘米
ly:=2*PointY;
PageCount:=0;
while not DataSet.Eof do
begin
if (RowPrinted=RowPerPage) or (RowPrinted=0) then
begin
if RowPrinted<>0 then
Printer.NewPage;
RowPrinted:=0;
PageCount:=PageCount+1;
Font.Name:='宋体';
Font.size:=16;
Font.Style:=Font.Style+[fsBold];
lx:=Round((Printer.PageWidth-TextWidth(Title))/2);
ly:=2*PointY;
TextOut(lx,ly,Title);
Font.Size:=11;
Font.Style:=Font.Style-[fsBold];
lx:=Printer.PageWidth-5*PointX;
ly:=Round(2*PointY+0.2*PointY);
if RowPerPage*PageCount>DataSet.RecordCount then
RowCount:=DataSet.RecordCount
else
RowCount:=RowPerPage*PageCount;
TextOut(lx,ly,'第'+IntToStr(RowPerPage*(PageCount-1)+1)+'-'+IntToStr(RowCount)+'条,共'+IntToStr(DataSet.RecordCount)+'条');
lx:=2*PointX;
ly:=ly+THeight*2;
py1:=ly-SpaceY;
if RowCount=DataSet.RecordCount then
py2:=py1+THeight*(RowCount-RowPerPage*(PageCount-1)+1)
else
py2:=py1+THeight*(RowPerPage+1);
SumWidth:=lx;
for i:=0 to DBGrid.Columns.Count-1 do
begin
px1:=SumWidth-SpaceX;
px2:=SumWidth;
MoveTo(px1,py1);
LineTo(px2,py2);
TitleWidth:=TextWidth(DBGrid.Columns[i].Title.Caption);
lx:=Round(SumWidth+(DBGrid.Columns[i].width*scaleX-titleWidth)/2);
TextOut(lx,ly,DBGrid.Columns[i].Title.Caption);
SumWidth:=Round(SumWidth+DBGrid.Columns[i].width*scaleX)+SpaceX*2;
end;
px1:=SumWidth; //画最后一条竖线
px2:=SumWidth;
MoveTo(px1,py1);
LineTo(px2,py2);
px1:=2*PointX; //画第一条横线
px2:=SumWidth;
py1:=ly-SpaceY;
py2:=ly-SpaceY;
MoveTo(px1,py1);
LineTo(px2,py2);
py1:=py1+THeight;
py2:=py2+THeight;
MoveTo(px1,py1);
LineTo(px2,py2);
end;
lx:=2*PointX;
ly:=ly+THeight;
px1:=lx;
px2:=SumWidth;
py1:=ly-SpaceY+THeight;
py2:=ly-SpaceY+THeight;
MoveTo(px1,py1);
LineTo(px2,py2);
for i:=0 to DBGrid.Columns.Count-1 do
begin
TextOut(lx,ly,DataSet.FieldByname(DBGrid.Columns[i].Fieldname).AsString);
lx:=Round(lx+DBGrid.Columns[i].width*ScaleX+SpaceX*2);
end;
RowPrinted:=RowPrinted+1;
DataSet.next;
end;
DataSet.first;
DataSet.EnableControls;
end;
printer.EndDoc;
end;
把DBGrid输出到Excel表格---方法一
(支持多Sheet){
功能描述:把DBGrid输出到Excel表格(支持多Sheet)
调用格式:CopyDbDataToExcel([DBGrid1, DBGrid2]);
}
procedure CopyDbDataToExcel(Args: array of const);
var
iCount, jCount: Integer;
XLApp: Variant;
Sheet: Variant;
I: Integer;
begin
Screen.Cursor := crHourGlass;
if not VarIsEmpty(XLApp) then
begin
XLApp.DisplayAlerts := False;
XLApp.Quit;
VarClear(XLApp);
end;
try
XLApp := CreateOleObject(‘Excel.Application‘);
except
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
XLApp.WorkBooks.Add;
XLApp.SheetsInNewWorkbook := High(Args) + 1;
for I := Low(Args) to High(Args) do
begin
XLApp.WorkBooks[1].WorkSheets[I+1].Name := TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Name;
Sheet := XLApp.Workbooks[1].WorkSheets[TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Name];
if not TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Active then
begin
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.first;
for iCount := 0 to TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Count - 1 do
Sheet.Cells[1, iCount + 1] :=
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Items[iCount].Title.Caption;
jCount := 1;
while not TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Eof do
begin
for iCount := 0 to TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Count - 1 do
Sheet.Cells[jCount + 1, iCount + 1] :=
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Items[iCount].Field.AsString;
Inc(jCount);
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Next;
end;
XlApp.Visible := True;
end;
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;
dbgrid的數據導入到excel中---方法二
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs,
StdCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, Db, DBTables, Excel97, OleServer, Word97;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
ExcelApplication1: TExcelApplication;
ExcelWorkbook1: TExcelWorkbook;
ExcelWorksheet1: TExcelWorksheet;
Table1: TTable;
DataSource1: TDataSource;
DBGrid1: TDBGrid;
Button1: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
WordApplication1: TWordApplication;
WordDocument1: TWordDocument;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.DFM}
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
i, row, column: integer;
begin
Try
ExcelApplication1.Connect;
Except
MessageDlg('Excel may not be installed',
mtError, [mbOk], 0);
Abort;
End;
ExcelApplication1.Visible[0] := True;
ExcelApplication1.Caption := 'Excel Application';
ExcelApplication1.Workbooks.Add(Null, 0);
ExcelWorkbook1.ConnectTo(ExcelApplication1.Workbooks[1]);
ExcelWorksheet1.ConnectTo(ExcelWorkbook1.Worksheets[1] as _Worksheet);
DBGrid.DataSource.DataSet.Open;
row := 1;
While Not (DBGrid.DataSource.DataSet.Eof) do
begin
column := 1;
for i := 1 to DBGrid.DataSource.DataSet.FieldCount do
begin
ExcelWorksheet1.Cells.Item[row, column] := DBGrid.DataSource.DataSet.fields[i - 1].AsString;
column := column + 1;
end;
DBGrid.DataSource.DataSet.Next;
row := row + 1;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ExcelApplication1.Disconnect;
ExcelApplication1.Quit;
end;
end.
一个将dbgrid导为excel文件的过程,需要引用单元comoby,一个ExcelApplication1控件:
procedure CopyDbDataToExcel(Target: TDbgrid);
var
iCount, jCount: Integer;
XLApp: Variant;
Sheet: Variant;
begin
Screen.Cursor := crHourGlass;
if not VarIsEmpty(XLApp) then
begin
XLApp.DisplayAlerts := False;
XLApp.Quit;
VarClear(XLApp);
end;
//通过ole创建Excel对象
try
XLApp := CreateOleObject('Excel.Application');
except
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
XLApp.WorkBooks.Add[XLWBatWorksheet];
XLApp.WorkBooks[1].WorkSheets[1].Name := '测试工作薄';
Sheet := XLApp.Workbooks[1].WorkSheets['测试工作薄'];
if not Target.DataSource.DataSet.Active then
begin
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
Target.DataSource.DataSet.first;
for iCount := 0 to Target.Columns.Count - 1 do
begin
Sheet.cells[1, iCount + 1] := Target.Columns.Items[iCount].Title.Caption;
end;
jCount := 1;
while not Target.DataSource.DataSet.Eof do
begin
for iCount := 0 to Target.Columns.Count - 1 do
begin
Sheet.cells[jCount + 1, iCount + 1] := Target.Columns.Items[iCount].Field.AsString;
end;
Inc(jCount);
Target.DataSource.DataSet.Next;
end;
XlApp.Visible := True;
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;
//调用
procedure TForm2.SpeedButton5Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
copyDbDataToExcel(dbgrid1);
end;
DBGrid导入Excel---方法四
uses DBGrids,ComObj,db;
Function PDBGridExportToExcel(Dbgrid:tdbgrid;title:string):boolean;
const
{ XlSheetType }
xlChart = -4109;
xlDialogSheet = -4116;
xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet = 4;
xlExcel4MacroSheet = 3;
xlWorksheet = -4167;
{ XlWBATemplate }
xlWBATChart = -4109;
xlWBATExcel4IntlMacroSheet = 4;
xlWBATExcel4MacroSheet = 3;
xlWBATWorksheet = -4167;
{ HorizontalAlignment}
xlLeft=1;
xlCenter=-4108;
xlRight=-4152;
const
MinColumnWidth=8; //转入Excel中每栏最小宽度
var
XL:variant;
i,j:integer;
begin
result:=false;
if not assigned(dbgrid.DataSource) then exit;
if not assigned(dbgrid.DataSource.DataSet) then exit;
if not dbgrid.DataSource.DataSet.active then exit;
TRY
TRY
XL:=CreateOLEObject('Excel.Application');
XL.Visible := True;
XL.Workbooks.Add(xlWBatWorkSheet);
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Name:=title;
with dbgrid do
begin
dbgrid.DataSource.DataSet.DisableControls;
for i:=0 to Columns.Count-1 do
begin
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.cells[1,i+1].value:=Columns[i].Title.Caption;
//设定列宽
if (not Columns[i].Visible)or(Columns[i].Field=nil) then
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Columns[i+1].ColumnWidth:=0
else if Columns[i].Width<MinColumnWidth then
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Columns[i+1].ColumnWidth:=MinColumnWidth div 5
else
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Columns[i+1].ColumnWidth:=Columns[i].Width div 5;
//设定列格式
if (Columns[i].Field<>nil) then begin
if Columns[i].Field.DataType=ftString then
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Columns[i+1].NumberFormatLocal:='@'
else
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Columns[i+1].NumberFormatLocal:='G/通用格式';
end;
end;//with
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.Rows[1].HorizontalAlignment:=xlCenter;
DataSource.DataSet.First;
j:=1;
while not DataSource.DataSet.eof do
begin
j:=j+1;
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.rows[j].select;
for i:=0 to Columns.Count-1 do
if (Columns[i].Field<>nil) then
XL.ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheet.cells[j,i+1].Value:=Columns[i].Field.AsString;
DataSource.DataSet.Next;
end;//while
end;//with
result:=true;
EXCEPT
result:=false;
END;//TRY
FINALLY
dbgrid.datasource.dataset.EnableControls;
END;//TRY
end;//DBToExcel
DbGrid控件的标题栏弹出菜单
procedure TFrmOrderPost.DbgOrderPostMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
var
CurPost:TPoint;
begin
GetCursorPos(CurPost);//获得鼠标当前坐标
if (y<=17) and (x<=vCurRect.Right) then
begin
if button=mbright then
begin
PmTitle.Popup(CurPost.x,CurPost.y);
end;
end;
end;
//vCurRect该变量在DbGrid的DrawColumnCell事件中获得
{procedure TFrmOrderPost.DbgOrderPostDrawColumnCell(Sender: TObject;const Rect: TRect; DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);
begin
vCurRect:=Rect;//vCurRect在实现部分定义
end;}
如何将几个DBGRID里的内容导入同一个EXCEL表中?
在软件实际制作中,为节省开发成本和开发周期,一些软件人员通常会吧DBGrid中的数据直接导出到Excel表中,而先前能看到的函数仅仅只能在WorkBook的一个Sheet中导入数据,不支持多Sheet!。
单元应用:
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls, DB, DBTables, Grids, DBGrids, ActiveX, ComObj,
Excel2000, OleServer;
测试环境:
OS:Win2k Pro;Excel2k;Delphi6.0
源程序:
{
功能描述:把DBGrid输出到Excel表格(支持多Sheet)
设计:CoolSlob
日期:
2002-10-23
支持:CoolSlob@163.com
调用格式:CopyDbDataToExcel([DBGrid1, DBGrid2]);
}
procedure CopyDbDataToExcel(Args: array of const);
var
iCount, jCount: Integer;
XLApp: Variant;
Sheet: Variant;
I: Integer;
begin
Screen.Cursor := crHourGlass;
if not VarIsEmpty(XLApp) then
begin
XLApp.DisplayAlerts := False;
XLApp.Quit;
VarClear(XLApp);
end;
try
XLApp := CreateOleObject(‘Excel.Application‘);
except
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
XLApp.WorkBooks.Add;
XLApp.SheetsInNewWorkbook := High(Args) + 1;
for I := Low(Args) to High(Args) do
begin
XLApp.WorkBooks[1].WorkSheets[I+1].Name := TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Name;
Sheet := XLApp.Workbooks[1].WorkSheets[TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Name];
if not TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Active then
begin
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Exit;
end;
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.first;
for iCount := 0 to TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Count - 1 do
Sheet.Cells[1, iCount + 1] := TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Items[iCount].Title.Caption;
jCount := 1;
while not TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Eof do
begin
for iCount := 0 to TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Count - 1 do
Sheet.Cells[jCount + 1, iCount + 1] := TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).Columns.Items[iCount].Field.AsString;
Inc(jCount);
TDBGrid(Args[I].VObject).DataSource.DataSet.Next;
end;
end;
XlApp.Visible := True;
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;
怎样在DbGrid的左边,实现像EXCEL那样的自动编号?这些编号与表无关
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs,
Grids, DBGrids, StdCtrls, Buttons, Db, DBTables, ExtCtrls, jpeg;
const ROWCNT=20;
type
tmygrid=class(tdbgrid)
protected
procedure Paint;override;
procedure DrawCell(ACol:Integer;ARow:Integer;ARect:TRect;AState:TGridDrawState);override;
public
constructor create(AOwner:TComponent);override;
destructor destroy;override;
end;
TForm1 = class(TForm)
BitBtn1: TBitBtn;
DataSource1: TDataSource;
Table1: TTable;
procedure BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
mygrid:tmygrid;
implementation
{$R *.DFM}
{tmygrid}
constructor tmygrid.create(AOwner:TComponent);
begin
inherited create(Owner);
RowCount:=ROWCNT;
end;
destructor tmygrid.destroy;
begin
inherited;
end;
procedure tmygrid.Paint;
begin
RowCount:=ROWCNT;
if dgIndicator in options then
ColWidths[0]:=30;
inherited;
end;
procedure tmygrid.DrawCell(ACol:Integer;ARow:Integer;ARect:TRect;AState:TGridDrawState);
begin
inherited;
if (ARow>=1) and (ACol=0) then
Canvas.TextRect(ARect,ARect.Left,ARect.Top,IntToSTr(ARow));
end;
procedure TForm1.BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
mygrid:=tmygrid.create(Self);
mygrid.parent:=self;
mygrid.left:=0;
mygrid.top:=0;
mygrid.Height:=300;
mygrid.DataSource:=DataSource1;
end;
end.
在DBGrid中,怎样才能让我能点击一个单元格选择整行,又可以编辑单元格的内容呢?
在设计过程中,有时候数据较大量,field 较多的时候,只是点击单元格可能会对某个field的数据误操作(如数据错行),为此才会想到这个问题,解决办法如下:
点击单元格就改当前行颜色。这个办法也算是没办法的办法吧!
type
TMyDBGrid=class(TDBGrid);
//
//DBGrid1.Options->dgEditing=True
//DBGrid1.Options->dgRowSelect=False
procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell(Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect;
DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);
begin
with TMyDBGrid(Sender) do
begin
if DataLink.ActiveRecord=Row-1 then
begin
Canvas.Font.Color:=clWhite;
Canvas.Brush.Color:=$00800040;
end
else
begin
Canvas.Brush.Color:=Color;
Canvas.Font.Color:=Font.Color;
end;
DefaultDrawColumnCell(Rect,DataCol,Column,State);
end;
end;
测试通过(d7)!
有关双击dbgrid排序的问题(想让用户双击dbgird控件的某一个字段时就升序,再双击就降序....?)
procedure TForm1.DBGrid1TitleClick(Column: TColumn);
var
temp, title: string;
begin
temp := Column.FieldName;
qusp.Close;
if Column.Index <> lastcolumn then
begin
if (Pos('↑', DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption) > 0) or (Pos('↓', DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption) > 0) then
DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption := Copy(DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption, 3, Length(DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption) - 2);
qusp.Sql[icount] := 'order by ' + temp + ' asc';
DBGrid1.Columns[Column.Index].Title.Caption := '↑' + DBGrid1.Columns[Column.Index].Title.Caption;
lastcolumn := column.Index;
end
else
begin
LastColumn := Column.Index;
title := DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption;
if Pos('↑', title) > 0 then
begin
qusp.Sql[icount] := 'order by ' + temp + ' desc';
Delete(title, 1, 2);
DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption := '↓' + title;
end
else if Pos('↓', title) > 0 then
begin
qusp.Sql[icount] := 'order by ' + temp + ' asc';
Delete(title, 1, 2);
DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption := '↑' + title;
end
else
begin
qusp.Sql[icount] := 'order by ' + temp + ' asc';
DBGrid1.Columns[LastColumn].Title.Caption := '↑' + title;
end;
end;
qusp.Open;
end;
DbGrid控件隐藏或显示标题栏DbGrid控件隐藏或显示标题栏
1、 新建一个带两个参数的过程(第1个参数是菜单对象,第2 个是DbGrid控件):
Procedure ViewTitle(Sender:TObject;DbgColumns:TDBGrid);
//隐藏或显示DbGrid标题栏
2、 然后按Ctrl+Shift+C组合键,定义的过程会在实现部分出现。
Procedure FrmStock.ViewTitle(Sender:TObject;DbgColumns:TDBGrid);
begin
With (Sender as TMenuItem) do
begin
Checked:=not Checked;
DbgColumns.Columns[Tag].Visible:=Checked;
end;
end;
3、 把菜单子项的Tag设置成跟DbGrid的Columns值相对应,比如:
DbGrid有一个标题栏是‘日期‘在第0列,然后把要触法该列的菜单的Tag设置成0。
4、 把菜单的onClick事件选择ViewTitle该过程。
DBGrid 对非布尔字段的栏中如何出现 CheckBox 选择输入可将dbgrid关联的dataset中需显示特殊内容字段设为显式字段
在OnGetText事件中写如下代码:
以table举例:
procedure TForm1.Table1Myfield1GetText(Sender: TField;
var Text: String; DisplayText: Boolean);
var Pd:string;
begin
inherited;
pd:=table1.fieldbyname('myfield1').asstring;
if pd='1' then
Text:='□'
else
if pd='2' then
text:='▲'
else
Text:='√';
end;
用 dbgrid 或 dbgrideh 如何让所显示数据自动滚动?
procedure TForm1.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
var
m:tmessage;
begin
m.Msg:=WM_VSCROLL;
m.WParamLo:=SB_LINEDOWN;
m.WParamHi:=1 ;
m.LParam:=0;
postmessage(self.DBGrid1.Handle,m.Msg,m.WParam,m.LParam);
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
self.Timer1.Enabled:=true;
end;
如果需要让他自动不断地从头到尾滚动,添加如下代码
if table1.Eof then table1.First;
关于DBGrid中下拉列表的两种设计比较
一、DBGrid 中 的 下 拉 列 表
在 DBGrid 网格中实现下拉列表,设置好 DBGrid 中该字段的 PickList 字符串列表、初始的序号值 DropDownRows 即可。以职工信息库中的籍贯字段(字符串类型)为例,具体设计步骤如下:
1、在窗体上放置 Table1、DataSource1、DBGrid1、DBNavigator1 等控件对象,按下表设置各个对象的属性:
---------------------------------------
对象 属性 设定值
---------------------------------------
Table1 DataBase sy1
TableName zgk.dbf //职工信息库
DataSource1 DataSet Table1
DbGrid1 DataSource DataSource1
DBNavigator1 DataSource Datasource1
-------------------------------------------
2、双击 Table1,在弹出的 Form1.Table1 窗口中,用右键弹出快捷菜单,单击 Add Fields 菜单项;选择所有的字段后,按 OK 按钮。
3、修改第 2 步新增字段的 DisplayLabel 属性。以 Table1ZGBH 字段为例, 在 Object Inspector 窗口中选择 Table1ZGBH,修改属性 DisplayLabel= 职工编号,其余字段类似。
4、双击 DBGrid1,在弹出的 Editing DBGrid1.Columns 窗口中, 单击 Add all Fields 按钮,增加 Table1 的所有字段。
5、在 Editing DBGrid1.Columns 窗口,选择 jg 这一行,切换到 Object Inspector 窗口,修改它的 PickList.Strings 为
“湖北枝江市
北京市
河南平顶山市
浙江德清市”
6、在 Form1.Oncreate 事件中写入语句:
Table1.Open;
7、F9 运行,用鼠标点击某个记录的籍贯字段,右边即出现一个按钮,点击这个按钮,可出现一个下拉列表,包含第 5 步中输入的四行字符串,可用鼠标进行选择。当然也可以自行输入一个并不属下拉列表中的字符串。
二、DBGrid 中 的 查 找 字 段
所谓查找字段(LookUp Field),即 DBGrid中的某个关键字段的数值来源于另外一个数据库的相应字段。运用查找字段技术,不仅可以有效的避免输入错误,而且 DBGrid 的显示方式更为灵活,可以不显示关键字段,而显示源数据库中相对应的另外一个字段的数据。
例如,我们在 DBGrid 中显示和编辑职工信息,包括职工编号、职工姓名、籍贯、所在单位编号,而单位编号来源于另一个数据库表格——单位库,称“单位编号”为关键字段。如果我们直接显示和编辑单位编号的话,将会面对 1、2、3 等非常不直观的数字,编辑时极易出错。但是如果显示和编辑的是单位库中对应的单位名称话,将非常直观。这就是 DBGrid 的所支持的查找字段带来的好处。
实现 DBGrid 的查找字段同样不需要任何语句,具体设计步骤如下:
1、在窗体上放置 Table1、Table2、DataSource1、DBGrid1、DBNavigator1 等控件对象,按下表设置各个对象的属性:
---------------------------------------
对象 属性 设定值
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Table1 DataBase sy1
TableName zgk.dbf //职工信息库
Table2 DataBase sy1
TablenAME dwk.dbf //单位信息库
DataSource1 DataSet Table1
DbGrid1 DataSource DataSource1
DBNavigator1 DataSource Datasource1
------------------------------------------
2、双击Table1,在弹出的 Form1.Table1 窗口中,用右键弹出快捷菜单,单击 Add Fields 菜单项;选择所有的字段后,按 OK 按钮。
3、修改第 2 步新增字段的 DisplayLabel 属性。以 Table1ZGBH 字段为例,在 Object Inspector 窗口中选择 Table1ZGBH,修改属性 DisplayLabel= 职工编号,其余字段类似。
4、设置 Table1DWBH.Visible=False。
5、在 Form1.Table1 窗口,用右键弹出快捷菜单,单击 New Field 菜单项,新增一个查找字段 DWMC,在弹出的窗口设置相应的属性,按 OK 按钮确认;在 Object Inspector 窗口,设置 Table1DWMC.DisplayLabel= 单位名称。
6、在 Form1.Oncreate 事件中写入语句:
Table1.Open;
7、按 F9 运行,当光标移至某个记录的单位名称字段时,用鼠标点击该字段,即出现一个下拉列表,点击右边的下箭头,可在下拉列表中进行选择。在这里可以看出,下拉列表的内容来自于单位信息库,并且不能输入其他内容。
三、DBGrid 中的下拉列表和查找字段的区别
虽然 DBGrid 中的下拉列表和查找字段,都是以下拉列表的形式出现的,但两者有很大的差别。
1、用 PickList 属性设置的下拉列表,它的数据是手工输入的,虽然也可以在程序中修改,但动态特性显然不如直接由另外数据库表格提取数据的查找字段。
2、用 PickList 属性设置的下拉列表,允许输入不属于下拉列表中的数据,但查找字段中只能输入源数据库中关键字段中的数据,这样更能保证数据的完整性。
3、用 PickList 属性设置的下拉列表设计较为简单。