摘自:http://www.cnblogs.com/witxjp/archive/2010/04/21/1717564.html
1.全局对象theApp先于WinMain函数构造,而theApp是一个派生类的对象,故先调用基类CWinApp的构造函数,再调用派生类对象的构造函数。
CWinApp的构造函数定义于APPCORE.CPP文件中
CWinApp构造函数主要完成this指针的赋值,将全局对象theApp的this指针赋值给全局唯一实例。该构造函数有一参数,我们在默认调用的时候却没有指定参数,其实这是因为有默认值,
追踪AFXWIN.h头文件查看CWinApp类的定义可知。
class CWinApp : public CWinThread
{
DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CWinApp)
public:
// Constructor
CWinApp(LPCTSTR lpszAppName = NULL); // app name defaults to EXE name
......
接着调用我们自己派生类的构造函数,我们可以做一些数据成员的初始化操作。
2.全局对象之后即是WinMain函数的调用,在MFC中对WinMain进行了封装。所以在文件中查找WinMain是找不到的。可以在源文件的class CAboutDlg : public CDialog这一行加上断点,
F5运行,程序停在了
代码处,而同时可以看到该代码位于APPMODUL.cpp中。说明程序运行时加载了该函数,有点像我们的WinMain函数。go to definition可以看到#define _tWinMain WinMain,_tWinMain正是我们的WinMain。
而为什么是_tWinMain而不是WinMain执行,这主要是MFC做了手脚,在MFC开始运行时就运行_tWinMain函数。其中又调用了AfxWinMain函数。在MFC源代码中查找一下AfxWinMain,在WINMAIN.cpp中可以找到AfxWinMain的实现:
稍加整理,可看到AfxWinMain主要做些什么事:
在APPINIT.cpp中查看AfxWinInit的实现如下:
AfxInitThread函数利用钩子函数将消息映射机制引入MFC的Message Map中,然后再回到默认的DefWindowProc。而AfxWinInit也主要做些初始化工作,完成一些初始细节配置。
之后是pApp->Application()调用了,由于派生类没有改写,故调用基类CWinApp::Application(),回到APPCORE.CPP文件:
可以看到主要做些内部管理。
然后是pApp->InitInstance()调用,派生类进行了改写,所以调用的是派生类的InitInstance(),如下:
在派生类的InitInstance函数中产生了一个CMainFrame窗口对象,故先调用基类CMDIFrameWnd的构造函数,CMDIFrameWnd的基类是CFrameWnd,故调用CFrameWnd的构造函数,在WinFrm.cpp文件中
CFrameWnd::CFrameWnd()
{
ASSERT(m_hWnd == NULL);
m_nWindow = -1; // unknown window ID
m_bAutoMenuEnable = TRUE; // auto enable on by default
m_lpfnCloseProc = NULL;
m_hMenuDefault = NULL;
m_hAccelTable = NULL;
m_nIDHelp = 0;
m_nIDTracking = 0;
m_nIDLastMessage = 0;
m_pViewActive = NULL;
m_cModalStack = 0; // initialize modality support
m_phWndDisable = NULL;
m_pNotifyHook = NULL;
m_hMenuAlt = NULL;
m_nIdleFlags = 0; // no idle work at start
m_rectBorder.SetRectEmpty();
m_bHelpMode = HELP_INACTIVE; // not in Shift+F1 help mode
m_dwPromptContext = 0;
m_pNextFrameWnd = NULL; // not in list yet
m_bInRecalcLayout = FALSE;
m_pFloatingFrameClass = NULL;
m_nShowDelay = -1; // no delay pending
AddFrameWnd();
}
一直追踪到基类CWnd,CCmdTarget,CObject都没有发现产生窗口(Create)的操作,当然在产生窗口之前首先要注册窗口。其实Create的调用是在pMainFrame->LoadFrame(IDR_MAINFRAME)
中完成的。即CFrameWnd::LoadFrame()
BOOL CFrameWnd::LoadFrame(UINT nIDResource, DWORD dwDefaultStyle,
CWnd* pParentWnd, CCreateContext* pContext)
{
// only do this once
ASSERT_VALID_IDR(nIDResource);
ASSERT(m_nIDHelp == 0 || m_nIDHelp == nIDResource);
m_nIDHelp = nIDResource; // ID for help context (+HID_BASE_RESOURCE)
CString strFullString;
if (strFullString.LoadString(nIDResource))
AfxExtractSubString(m_strTitle, strFullString, 0); // first sub-string
VERIFY(AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG));
// attempt to create the window
LPCTSTR lpszClass = GetIconWndClass(dwDefaultStyle, nIDResource);
LPCTSTR lpszTitle = m_strTitle;
if (!Create(lpszClass, lpszTitle, dwDefaultStyle, rectDefault,
pParentWnd, MAKEINTRESOURCE(nIDResource), 0L, pContext))
{
return FALSE; // will self destruct on failure normally
}
// save the default menu handle
ASSERT(m_hWnd != NULL);
m_hMenuDefault = ::GetMenu(m_hWnd);
// load accelerator resource
LoadAccelTable(MAKEINTRESOURCE(nIDResource));
if (pContext == NULL) // send initial update
SendMessageToDescendants(WM_INITIALUPDATE, 0, 0, TRUE, TRUE);
return TRUE;
}
可以看到在LoadFrame中主要做了2件事,第一,注册窗口。第二,创建窗口。先看AfxDeferRegisterClass(),它是一个全局函数,在文件AFXIMPL.H中可以看到
#define AfxDeferRegisterClass(fClass) AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(fClass)
在WINCORE.CPP中可以追踪到AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(fClass)如下:
BOOL AFXAPI AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(LONG fToRegister)
{
// mask off all classes that are already registered
AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
fToRegister &= ~pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses;
if (fToRegister == 0)
return TRUE;
LONG fRegisteredClasses = 0;
// common initialization
WNDCLASS wndcls;
memset(&wndcls, 0, sizeof(WNDCLASS)); // start with NULL defaults
wndcls.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;
wndcls.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
wndcls.hCursor = afxData.hcurArrow;
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX init;
init.dwSize = sizeof(init);
// work to register classes as specified by fToRegister, populate fRegisteredClasses as we go
if (fToRegister & AFX_WND_REG)
{
// Child windows - no brush, no icon, safest default class styles
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWnd;
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WND_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG)
{
// OLE Control windows - use parent DC for speed
wndcls.style |= CS_PARENTDC | CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndOleControl;
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG)
{
// Control bar windows
wndcls.style = 0; // control bars don't handle double click
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndControlBar;
wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG)
{
// MDI Frame window (also used for splitter window)
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
wndcls.hbrBackground = NULL;
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndMDIFrame, AFX_IDI_STD_MDIFRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG)
{
// SDI Frame or MDI Child windows or views - normal colors
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndFrameOrView, AFX_IDI_STD_FRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG)
{
// this flag is compatible with the old InitCommonControls() API
init.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK);
fToRegister &= ~AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_TAB_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_HOTKEY_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_BAR_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_ANIMATE_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_INTERNET_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_COOL_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_USEREX_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_DATE_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG);
}
// save new state of registered controls
pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= fRegisteredClasses;
// special case for all common controls registered, turn on AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG
if ((pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses & AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK) == AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK)
{
pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
}
// must have registered at least as mamy classes as requested
return (fToRegister & fRegisteredClasses) == fToRegister;
}
至此可以看到MFC默认的注册了很多窗口类,而其中调用了AfxRegisterClass函数。而AfxRegisterClass函数实现如下:
BOOL AFXAPI AfxRegisterClass(WNDCLASS* lpWndClass)
{
WNDCLASS wndcls;
if (GetClassInfo(lpWndClass->hInstance, lpWndClass->lpszClassName,
&wndcls))
{
// class already registered
return TRUE;
}
if (!::RegisterClass(lpWndClass))
{
TRACE1("Can't register window class named %s/n",
lpWndClass->lpszClassName);
return FALSE;
}
if (afxContextIsDLL)
{
AfxLockGlobals(CRIT_REGCLASSLIST);
TRY
{
// class registered successfully, add to registered list
AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
LPTSTR lpszUnregisterList = pModuleState->m_szUnregisterList;
// the buffer is of fixed size -- ensure that it does not overflow
ASSERT(lstrlen(lpszUnregisterList) + 1 +
lstrlen(lpWndClass->lpszClassName) + 1 <
_countof(pModuleState->m_szUnregisterList));
// append classname + newline to m_szUnregisterList
lstrcat(lpszUnregisterList, lpWndClass->lpszClassName);
TCHAR szTemp[2];
szTemp[0] = '/n';
szTemp[1] = '/0';
lstrcat(lpszUnregisterList, szTemp);
}
CATCH_ALL(e)
{
AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_REGCLASSLIST);
THROW_LAST();
// Note: DELETE_EXCEPTION not required.
}
END_CATCH_ALL
AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_REGCLASSLIST);
}
return TRUE;
}
可以看到最终调用Windows API函数实现窗口类的注册。
再次回到CFrameWnd::LoadFrame()函数,接下来就是产生窗口的操作了。LoadFrame中的Create调用依据多态性,应调用派生类的Create函数,由于派生类没有改写,此处调用CFrameWnd的Create函数。如下(在WINFRM.CPP中):
BOOL CFrameWnd::Create(LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
LPCTSTR lpszWindowName,
DWORD dwStyle,
const RECT& rect,
CWnd* pParentWnd,
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName,
DWORD dwExStyle,
CCreateContext* pContext)
{
HMENU hMenu = NULL;
if (lpszMenuName != NULL)
{
// load in a menu that will get destroyed when window gets destroyed
HINSTANCE hInst = AfxFindResourceHandle(lpszMenuName, RT_MENU);
if ((hMenu = ::LoadMenu(hInst, lpszMenuName)) == NULL)
{
TRACE0("Warning: failed to load menu for CFrameWnd./n");
PostNcDestroy(); // perhaps delete the C++ object
return FALSE;
}
}
m_strTitle = lpszWindowName; // save title for later
if (!CreateEx(dwExStyle, lpszClassName, lpszWindowName, dwStyle,
rect.left, rect.top, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
pParentWnd->GetSafeHwnd(), hMenu, (LPVOID)pContext))
{
TRACE0("Warning: failed to create CFrameWnd./n");
if (hMenu != NULL)
DestroyMenu(hMenu);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
后者又调用了CreateEx函数,CWnd有CreateEx函数,而CFrameWnd函数并没有改写它,故调用CWnd类的CreateEx函数,在WINCORE.cpp中实现如下:
BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent, HMENU nIDorHMenu, LPVOID lpParam)
{
// allow modification of several common create parameters
CREATESTRUCT cs;
cs.dwExStyle = dwExStyle;
cs.lpszClass = lpszClassName;
cs.lpszName = lpszWindowName;
cs.style = dwStyle;
cs.x = x;
cs.y = y;
cs.cx = nWidth;
cs.cy = nHeight;
cs.hwndParent = hWndParent;
cs.hMenu = nIDorHMenu;
cs.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
cs.lpCreateParams = lpParam;
if (!PreCreateWindow(cs))
{
PostNcDestroy();
return FALSE;
}
AfxHookWindowCreate(this);
HWND hWnd = ::CreateWindowEx(cs.dwExStyle, cs.lpszClass,
cs.lpszName, cs.style, cs.x, cs.y, cs.cx, cs.cy,
cs.hwndParent, cs.hMenu, cs.hInstance, cs.lpCreateParams);//Windows API完成窗口类的一些额外风格设置
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (hWnd == NULL)
{
TRACE1("Warning: Window creation failed: GetLastError returns 0x%8.8X/n",
GetLastError());
}
#endif
if (!AfxUnhookWindowCreate())
PostNcDestroy(); // cleanup if CreateWindowEx fails too soon
if (hWnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ASSERT(hWnd == m_hWnd); // should have been set in send msg hook
return TRUE;
}
该函数先是调用PreCreateWindow函数,依据多态性,先调用派生类,接着是CMDIFrameWnd,然后是CFrameWnd的PreCreateWindow函数
在WINFRM.CPP中如下:
BOOL CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
if (cs.lpszClass == NULL)
{
VERIFY(AfxDeferRegisterClass(AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG));
cs.lpszClass = _afxWndFrameOrView; // COLOR_WINDOW background
}
if ((cs.style & FWS_ADDTOTITLE) && afxData.bWin4)
cs.style |= FWS_PREFIXTITLE;
if (afxData.bWin4)
cs.dwExStyle |= WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
return TRUE;
}
沿着AfxDeferRegisterClass追踪下去,和上面的相同,都为MFC注册窗口类。
追踪完毕,回到开始的InitInstance函数中,接下来就是ShowWindow、UpdateWindow了。UpdateWindow会发出WM_PAINT消息。
再回到AfxWinMain()函数就是调用pApp->Run()函数了。因为派生类没有改写所以调用CWinApp::Run()函数,在APPCORE.CPP中实现如下:
而CWinThread::Run实现如下,在文件THRDCORE.CPP中:
而CWinThread::PumpMessage实现如下:
可以看到都是调用底层Windows API实现。程序退出时回到AfxWinInit最后调用AfxWinTerm终止程序。
而消息映射的实现是利用钩子函数在AfxWndProc中实现的,最后没有处理的消息都用DefWindowProc函数处理
最后,本来要附上几张图片例子的,却不知如何在csdn上插入图片,杯具。也罢,放我163博客吧!