无意中查sql中as的用法搜索到的一些经典的sql语句

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kgdlin/article/details/1762291

总结一些工作中用到或碰到的SQL语句，希望能与大家分享，同时也希望大家能提供更多的精妙SQL语句.....

复制表格:
在查询分析器里输入:select * into newtablename from oldtablename
删除表格:
在查询分析器里输入:truncate table yourtable

delete from report where ID not in (select Min(ID) from report group by UserID) 删除表中重复记录
1、delete table1 from (select * from table2) as t2 where table1.id=t2.id
2、truncate table table1 (不在事务日志中做记录，比delete table快，但不能激活触发器)
3、update table1 set column=column+1 where id=(select id from table2)
4、update table1 set column=column+1 from table1,table2 where table1.id=table2.id
5、select top n [Percent] * from table1 '输出百分比记录
6、select id,column1 * column2 as column from table1 '可算明白as的用法了
7、select * from table1 where column1 like 'SQL#_G_O' escape '#' '单匹配
8、select table1.id from table1 where not exists (select table2.id from table2 where table1.id=table2.id) '这个应该比not in快一些
9、select table1.id from table1,table2 where table1.id<>table2.id '看复合查询机制
10、select table1.id from table1,table2,(select id from table3) as t3 where table1.id=table2.id and table2.id=t3.id '有些类似[1]了......
11、select * from table1 where column1 like '[A]%' or like '[^B]%'
12、select @column1=column1 from table1;select @column1 as column1 '存储到自定义变量
13、select * from table1 where contains(column1,'char1 or char2*') '全文索引
14、select * from table1 where contains(column1,'前有 near 中有 near 后有')
15、select * from table1 where contains(column1,'formsof(inflectional,go)') '派生
16、select * from table1 where contains(description,'isabout(apple weight(.9),boy weight(.8),china weight(.7))') '权重
17、select * from table1 where freetext(column1,'char') '仅支持文字不支持表达式搜索
18、insert into table1 select column1,count(column1) from table2 group by column1 '统计

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1 说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1

2 说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3 说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

4 说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

5 说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

6 说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
SQL:
delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )

7 说明：
从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额和电话费清单两个表来源）
SQL:
SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
        FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
        WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')

8 说明：四表联查问题：
SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

9 说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)

10 说明：模糊查询，单字匹配(短横线代表待匹配内容)

select * from table where field1 like 'A_B_C'

11 说明：as的用法

select id,column1 * column2 as column from table1

1: 删除LOG
1：分离数据库企业管理器－＞服务器－＞数据库－＞右键－＞分离数据库
2：删除LOG文件
3：附加数据库企业管理器－＞服务器－＞数据库－＞右键－＞附加数据库
此法生成新的LOG，大小只有500多K
再将此数据库设置自动收缩
或用代码：
下面的示例分离 pubs，然后将 pubs 中的一个文件附加到当前服务器。

EXEC sp_detach_db @dbname = 'pubs'
EXEC sp_attach_single_file_db @dbname = 'pubs',
@physname = 'c:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL/Data/pubs.mdf'

2:清空日志
DUMP TRANSACTION 库名 WITH NO_LOG

再：
企业管理器--右键你要压缩的数据库--所有任务--收缩数据库--收缩文件--选择日志文件--在收缩方式里选择收缩至XXM,这里会给出一个允许收缩到的最小M数,直接输入这个数,确定就可以了

3: 如果想以后不让它增长
企业管理器－＞服务器－＞数据库－＞属性－＞事务日志－＞将文件增长限制为2M

MSSQL列出库里面的所有表名和字段名

use 数据库
select a.name as 表名,b.name as 字段名,b.length as 字段长度,c.name 字段类型
from (select * from sysobjects where xtype='u') a join syscolumns b
on a.id=b.id
left join systypes c on b.xusertype=c.xusertype
order by 表名

以下都是异曲同工

select d.name,a.name ,b.name ,a.length, a.isnullable from syscolumns a, systypes b,sysobjects d where a.xtype=b.xusertype and a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U'

这个住处比较详细不过就比较长

SELECT
(case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end)表名,
a.colorder 字段序号,
a.name 字段名,
(case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end) 标识,
(case when (SELECT count(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
(SELECT name
FROM sysindexes
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
(SELECT indid
FROM sysindexkeys
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
(SELECT colid
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
(xtype = 'PK'))>0 then '√' else '' end) 主键,
b.name 类型,
a.length 占用字节数,
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as 长度,
isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as 小数位数,
(case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end) 允许空,
isnull(e.text,'') 默认值,
isnull(g.[value],'') AS 字段说明

FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b
on a.xtype=b.xusertype
inner join sysobjects d
on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join syscomments e
on a.cdefault=e.id
left join sysproperties g
on a.id=g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid
order by a.id,a.colorder

另外方法1:

select * from information_schema.tables
select * from information_schema.columns

另外方法2:

use 你的数据库名
select * from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>0
2：
select * from syscolumns where id =object_id('表名')

另外方法3:

exec sp_help

exec sp_tables

再来两个比较好看的.

--查用户表
select name from sysobjects where xtype='U' and status >0 order by name
--查出指定表名的字段信息
select a.name from syscolumns a,sysobjects b where a.id=b.id and b.name=表名
order by a.name

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