python学习（三）伪装成浏览器

第一种方法比较简便直接, 但是不好扩展功能

import urllib.request
 
url = 'http://www.baidu.com/'
req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers = {
    'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
    'Accept': 'text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*',
    'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
})
oper = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
data = oper.read()
print(data.decode())

第二种 方法使用了 build_opener 这个方法, 用来自定义 opener, 这种方法的好处是可以方便的拓展功能, 例如下面的代码就拓展了自动处理 Cookies 的功能.

import urllib.request
import http.cookiejar
 
# head: dict of header
def makeMyOpener(head = {
    'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
    'Accept': 'text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*',
    'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
}):
    cj = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
    header = []
    for key, value in head.items():
        elem = (key, value)
        header.append(elem)
    opener.addheaders = header
    return opener
 
oper = makeMyOpener()
uop = oper.open('http://www.baidu.com/', timeout = 1000)
data = uop.read()
print(data.decode())

下面一种比较方便，直接copy过来用

headers = ("User-Agent",
               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36")
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
    opener.addheaders = [headers]
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)