服务器开发利器golang context用法详解

本文主要基于官方文档Go Concurrency Patterns: Context以及视频Advanced Go Concurrency Patterns的学习而得。

背景

在go服务器中，对于每个请求的request都是在单独的goroutine中进行的，处理一个request也可能设计多个goroutine之间的交互， 使用context可以使开发者方便的在这些goroutine里传递request相关的数据、取消goroutine的signal或截止日期。

Context结构

// A Context carries a deadline, cancelation signal, and request-scoped values
// across API boundaries. Its methods are safe for simultaneous use by multiple
// goroutines.
type Context interface {
   
    // Done returns a channel that is closed when this Context is canceled
    // or times out.
    Done() <-chan struct{}

    // Err indicates why this context was canceled, after the Done channel
    // is closed.
    Err() error

    // Deadline returns the time when this Context will be canceled, if any.
    Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool)

    // Value returns the value associated with key or nil if none.
    Value(key interface{
   }) interface{
   }
}

Done 方法在Context被取消或超时时返回一个close的channel,close的channel可以作为广播通知，告诉给context相关的函数要停止当前工作然后返回。

当一个父operation启动一个goroutine用于子operation，这些子operation不能够取消父operation。下面描述的WithCancel函数提供一种方式可以取消新创建的Context.

Context可以安全的被多个goroutine使用。开发者可以把一个Context传递给任意多个goroutine然后cancel这个context的时候就能够通知到所有的goroutine。

Err方法返回context为什么被取消。

Deadline返回context何时会超时。

Value返回context相关的数据。

继承的Context

BackGround

// Background returns an empty Context. It is never canceled, has no deadline,
// and has no values. Background is typically used in main, init, and tests,
// and as the top-level Context for incoming requests.
func Background() Context

BackGound是所有Context的root，不能够被cancel。

WithCancel

// WithCancel returns a copy of parent whose Done channel is closed as soo