static关键字是C, C++中都存在的关键字, 它主要有三种使用方式, 其中前两种只指在C语言中使用, 第三种在C++中使用(C,C++中具体细微操作不尽相同, 本文以C++为准).
(1)局部静态变量
(2)外部静态变量/函数
(3)静态数据成员/成员函数
下面就这三种使用方式及注意事项分别说明
一、局部静态变量
在C/C++中, 局部变量按照存储形式可分为三种auto, static, register
(<C语言程序设计(第二版)>谭浩强, 第174-175页)
与auto类型(普通)局部变量相比, static局部变量有三点不同
1. 存储空间分配不同
auto类型分配在栈上, 属于动态存储类别, 占动态存储区空间, 函数调用结束后自动释放, 而static分配在静态存储区, 在程序整个运行期间都不释放. 两者之间的作用域相同, 但生存期不同.
2. static局部变量在所处模块在初次运行时进行初始化工作, 且只操作一次
3. 对于局部静态变量, 如果不赋初值, 编译期会自动赋初值0或空字符, 而auto类型的初值是不确定的. (对于C++中的class对象例外, class的对象实例如果不初始化, 则会自动调用默认构造函数, 不管是否是static类型)
特点: static局部变量的”记忆性”与生存期的”全局性”
所谓”记忆性”是指在两次函数调用时, 在第二次调用进入时, 能保持第一次调用退出时的值.
示例程序一
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void staticLocalVar()
{
static int a = 0; // 运行期时初始化一次, 下次再调用时, 不进行初始化工作
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
++a;
}
int main()
{
staticLocalVar(); // 第一次调用, 输出a=0
staticLocalVar(); // 第二次调用, 记忆了第一次退出时的值, 输出a=1
return 0;
}
应用:
利用”记忆性”, 记录函数调用的次数(示例程序一)
利用生存期的”全局性”, 改善”return a pointer / reference to a local object”的问题. Local object的问题在于退出函数, 生存期即结束,. 利用static的作用, 延长变量的生存期.
示例程序二:
// IP address to string format
// Used in Ethernet Frame and IP Header analysis
const char * IpToStr(UINT32 IpAddr)
{
static char strBuff[16]; // static局部变量, 用于返回地址有效
const unsigned char *pChIP = (const unsigned char *)&IpAddr;
sprintf(strBuff, "%u.%u.%u.%u", pChIP[0], pChIP[1], pChIP[2], pChIP[3]);
return strBuff;
}
注意事项:
1. “记忆性”, 程序运行很重要的一点就是可重复性, 而static变量的”记忆性”破坏了这种可重复性, 造成不同时刻至运行的结果可能不同.
2. “生存期”全局性和唯一性. 普通的local变量的存储空间分配在stack上, 因此每次调用函数时, 分配的空间都可能不一样, 而static具有全局唯一性的特点, 每次调用时, 都指向同一块内存, 这就造成一个很重要的问题 ---- 不可重入性!!!
这样在多线程程序设计或递归程序设计中, 要特别注意这个问题.
(不可重入性的例子可以参见<effective C++ (2nd)>(影印版)第103-105页)
下面针对示例程序二, 分析在多线程情况下的不安全性.(为方便描述, 标上行号)
① const char * IpToStr(UINT32 IpAddr)
② {
③ static char strBuff[16]; // static局部变量, 用于返回地址有效
④ const unsigned char *pChIP = (const unsigned char *)&IpAddr;
⑤ sprintf(strBuff, "%u.%u.%u.%u", pChIP[0], pChIP[1], pChIP[2], pChIP[3]);
⑥ return strBuff;
⑦ }
假设现在有两个线程A,B运行期间都需要调用IpToStr()函数, 将32位的IP地址转换成点分10进制的字符串形式. 现A先获得执行机会, 执行IpToStr(), 传入的参数是0x0B090A0A, 顺序执行完应该返回的指针存储区内容是:”10.10.9.11”, 现执行到⑥时, 失去执行权, 调度到B线程执行, B线程传入的参数是0xA8A8A8C0, 执行至⑦, 静态存储区的内容是192.168.168.168. 当再调度到A执行时, 从⑥继续执行, 由于strBuff的全局唯一性, 内容已经被B线程冲掉, 此时返回的将是192.168.168.168字符串, 不再是10.10.9.11字符串.
二、外部静态变量／函数
在C中static有了第二种含义：用来表示不能被其它文件访问的全局变量和函数。, 但为了限制全局变量/函数的作用域, 函数或变量前加static使得函数成为静态函数。但此处“static”的含义不是指存储方式，而是指对函数的作用域仅局限于本文件(所以又称内部函数)。注意此时, 对于外部(全局)变量, 不论是否有static限制, 它的存储区域都是在静态存储区, 生存期都是全局的. 此时的static只是起作用域限制作用, 限定作用域在本模块(文件)内部.
使用内部函数的好处是：不同的人编写不同的函数时，不用担心自己定义的函数，是否会与其它文件中的函数同名。
示例程序三:
//file1.cpp
static int varA;
int varB;
extern void funA()
{
……
}
static void funB()
{
……
}
//file2.cpp
extern int varB; // 使用file1.cpp中定义的全局变量
extern int varA; // 错误! varA是static类型, 无法在其他文件中使用
extern vod funA(); // 使用file1.cpp中定义的函数
extern void funB(); // 错误! 无法使用file1.cpp文件中static函数
三、静态数据成员／成员函数(C++特有)
C++重用了这个关键字，并赋予它与前面不同的第三种含义：表示属于一个类而不是属于此类的任何特定对象的变量和函数. 这是与普通成员函数的最大区别, 也是其应用所在, 比如在对某一个类的对象进行计数时, 计数生成多少个类的实例, 就可以用到静态数据成员. 在这里面, static既不是限定作用域的, 也不是扩展生存期的作用, 而是指示变量/函数在此类中的唯一性. 这也是”属于一个类而不是属于此类的任何特定对象的变量和函数”的含义. 因为它是对整个类来说是唯一的, 因此不可能属于某一个实例对象的. (针对静态数据成员而言, 成员函数不管是否是static, 在内存中只有一个副本, 普通成员函数调用时, 需要传入this指针, static成员函数调用时, 没有this指针. )
请看示例程序四(<effective c++ (2nd)>(影印版)第59页)
class EnemyTarget {
public:
EnemyTarget() { ++numTargets; }
EnemyTarget(const EnemyTarget&) { ++numTargets; }
~EnemyTarget() { --numTargets; }
static size_t numberOfTargets() { return numTargets; }
bool destroy(); // returns success of attempt to destroy EnemyTarget object
private:
static size_t numTargets; // object counter
};
// class statics must be defined outside the class;
// initialization is to 0 by default
size_t EnemyTarget::numTargets;
在这个例子中, 静态数据成员numTargets就是用来计数产生的对象个数的.
dl.vmall.com/c0ngasygac
dl.vmall.com/c07ln0hvaa
dl.vmall.com/c0i63svczh
dl.vmall.com/c0aypitx8m
dl.vmall.com/c0us6nxv1k
dl.vmall.com/c0rwj80wrt
dl.vmall.com/c042g14p5o
dl.vmall.com/c0rtek5gwk
dl.vmall.com/c0oxzmnb0x
dl.vmall.com/c0yrsc64w9
dl.vmall.com/c0etzsk3ha
dl.vmall.com/c0ora2cina
dl.vmall.com/c07ngizfai
dl.vmall.com/c0qyka1psw
dl.vmall.com/c0xjq87ih7
dl.vmall.com/c0rkmj3azt
dl.vmall.com/c0xbkr1osa
dl.vmall.com/c0ctuplnwy
dl.vmall.com/c0h8j5c68e
dl.vmall.com/c0ac9za2mu
dl.vmall.com/c07pz20zs1
dl.vmall.com/c0atam0oah
dl.vmall.com/c0as4l4712
dl.vmall.com/c0mlng0y7y
dl.vmall.com/c0mznldxta
dl.vmall.com/c0ksv6rdlo
dl.vmall.com/c0dqsiuub5
dl.vmall.com/c06y5dhelo
dl.vmall.com/c0w01nvs9t
dl.vmall.com/c0oq5ucoh8
dl.vmall.com/c03vqw2hpy
dl.vmall.com/c0sdqvmwv3
dl.vmall.com/c0yzp41v5v
dl.vmall.com/c0zm9tu44o
dl.vmall.com/c0ft27agfl
dl.vmall.com/c0zo0x1cui
dl.vmall.com/c0folzfsmd
dl.vmall.com/c0ngdztdif
dl.vmall.com/c0qlw0i3i6
dl.vmall.com/c0ccs0f2bu
dl.vmall.com/c0f7ccic5m
dl.vmall.com/c0aa463a6j
dl.vmall.com/c0uabdkagq
dl.vmall.com/c02afbvmh8
dl.vmall.com/c0tab6w5az
dl.vmall.com/c0etc950w1
dl.vmall.com/c0p7mme0gg
dl.vmall.com/c0wpjribv6
dl.vmall.com/c0auzkz4ad
dl.vmall.com/c0lqi4izeb
dl.vmall.com/c0c1vsmpn9
dl.vmall.com/c0um4phr16
dl.vmall.com/c0qyaand1r
dl.vmall.com/c0ncgpelga
dl.vmall.com/c0ve88lnjf
dl.vmall.com/c0q6c0482c
dl.vmall.com/c04r62eh1k
dl.vmall.com/c0qsa2wa4u
dl.vmall.com/c0c1minvua
dl.vmall.com/c0fkbwmkug
dl.vmall.com/c0sb5iuuaw
dl.vmall.com/c0pn3db416
dl.vmall.com/c0fq2f4avg
dl.vmall.com/c0eq1y9rmc
dl.vmall.com/c0w0yejeqb
dl.vmall.com/c0mrir4gml
dl.vmall.com/c0l25u1d3t
dl.vmall.com/c04bqfaihj
dl.vmall.com/c0z351icpa
dl.vmall.com/c0sxtblc1x
dl.vmall.com/c0axjbw5dt
dl.vmall.com/c003jqjah4
dl.vmall.com/c0qi0z9vkz
dl.vmall.com/c0kj9oxm90
dl.vmall.com/c0vss9e4aj
dl.vmall.com/c00ktqhtjh
dl.vmall.com/c02kvjl9tc
dl.vmall.com/c091voov3c
dl.vmall.com/c0pfaasa74
dl.vmall.com/c0oqyjqpcu
dl.vmall.com/c006l7uiav
dl.vmall.com/c0l3y0viy5
dl.vmall.com/c0uatmj227
dl.vmall.com/c09buzqxay
dl.vmall.com/c0bh7kseac
dl.vmall.com/c0ic8960m1
dl.vmall.com/c077dwp5tp
dl.vmall.com/c03cgq90li
dl.vmall.com/c0njvb0e9y
dl.vmall.com/c0d89pbtpb
dl.vmall.com/c09hc13b66
dl.vmall.com/c0j12fglwz
dl.vmall.com/c0yhrscesw
dl.vmall.com/c0f7aww6aa
dl.vmall.com/c0jesbhrcg
dl.vmall.com/c01nvf1np9
dl.vmall.com/c0omof8eif
dl.vmall.com/c0rsmjf7ga
dl.vmall.com/c0b1fzj63o
dl.vmall.com/c0uchac2eu
dl.vmall.com/c0o2i8aft7
dl.vmall.com/c00jus4vxd
dl.vmall.com/c0527ln0fb
dl.vmall.com/c01ly1ccje
dl.vmall.com/c0otyexnoc
dl.vmall.com/c00l6dxw7x
dl.vmall.com/c0jrauwep8
dl.vmall.com/c0nwicc3a4
dl.vmall.com/c045twx68r
dl.vmall.com/c0a5wufi8m
dl.vmall.com/c044ppzi2t
dl.vmall.com/c04s38il1z
dl.vmall.com/c0tdvd3n8a
dl.vmall.com/c0fykfqnzj
dl.vmall.com/c04swv6dx0
dl.vmall.com/c09ir4vpl7
dl.vmall.com/c0dehd8wna
dl.vmall.com/c0ruttthzu
dl.vmall.com/c0rlzxv98a
dl.vmall.com/c0avzay1pb
dl.vmall.com/c0ntnv16vx
dl.vmall.com/c0v00gw3oi
dl.vmall.com/c05q7ercda
dl.vmall.com/c0sp714s4l
dl.vmall.com/c0jlyon3i8
dl.vmall.com/c0kjjajtsj
dl.vmall.com/c0lpbeokj7
dl.vmall.com/c0esyn681j
dl.vmall.com/c0jkyeg8c9
dl.vmall.com/c02fom6uqt
dl.vmall.com/c02utuzzjy
dl.vmall.com/c08uz76ech
dl.vmall.com/c0rn72b96z
dl.vmall.com/c0e0gmoysu
dl.vmall.com/c0rie3qjcc
dl.vmall.com/c0s3txgrk5
dl.vmall.com/c0co1jn8pa
dl.vmall.com/c0ibppt9mp
dl.vmall.com/c0p3zh6mty
dl.vmall.com/c09mtyajpx
dl.vmall.com/c0kvid4dn3
dl.vmall.com/c09g8x4s7d
dl.vmall.com/c0g6aiooxr
dl.vmall.com/c0vhkp9i34
dl.vmall.com/c0p81fdg1j
dl.vmall.com/c07a8r4lsr
dl.vmall.com/c0rxqllhn2
dl.vmall.com/c0aeoaywkc
dl.vmall.com/c0n95ljoj4
dl.vmall.com/c0hr87idkp
dl.vmall.com/c07ci5a3vo
dl.vmall.com/c0vahusrke
dl.vmall.com/c0xutb6ts5
dl.vmall.com/c0ewadgj7w
dl.vmall.com/c0h6x7tj4y
dl.vmall.com/c0dwsmvna1
dl.vmall.com/c095kbbwt6
dl.vmall.com/c0ycldvycg
dl.vmall.com/c0ka9lk68s
dl.vmall.com/c0uzq2cvmi
dl.vmall.com/c0xuqv5uac
dl.vmall.com/c0r8liwgay
dl.vmall.com/c0lrqwzpa8
dl.vmall.com/c07jp0sti5
dl.vmall.com/c03ocybd1x
dl.vmall.com/c032o52a4g
dl.vmall.com/c0rr83nkkw
dl.vmall.com/c055p9ps1t
dl.vmall.com/c06jl7yor9
dl.vmall.com/c0yaxuueiw
dl.vmall.com/c0wta88a5s
dl.vmall.com/c0thiaet4c
dl.vmall.com/c042wypk27
dl.vmall.com/c01ga35745
dl.vmall.com/c0cwckh773
dl.vmall.com/c0nqkbi6pn
dl.vmall.com/c0bpd1zrc9
dl.vmall.com/c0g79jlv6q
dl.vmall.com/c0zc2em0ti
dl.vmall.com/c038ug5af9
dl.vmall.com/c0x9a6mxgw
dl.vmall.com/c0insr4yaq
dl.vmall.com/c0fritmixu
dl.vmall.com/c0vgktdg0y
dl.vmall.com/c07l894ak1
dl.vmall.com/c09oxtiqrt
dl.vmall.com/c0p0lsnbf9
dl.vmall.com/c0lgkny4jw
dl.vmall.com/c0chx2sy5x
dl.vmall.com/c0yn79sd15
dl.vmall.com/c0iqu8c7pw
dl.vmall.com/c07rl7sjnz
dl.vmall.com/c0fwqlc21c
dl.vmall.com/c0y61nkv8j
dl.vmall.com/c0njm1mjth
dl.vmall.com/c0dxdcas8r
dl.vmall.com/c0uw7a21ua
dl.vmall.com/c0v7nhq7di
dl.vmall.com/c0w7jxgk4a
dl.vmall.com/c0kx6wsxb5
dl.vmall.com/c0tqxyuof5
dl.vmall.com/c0g5qwxhia
dl.vmall.com/c081atyvm1
dl.vmall.com/c0rx1mcpa4
dl.vmall.com/c0zd93uj3k
dl.vmall.com/c0cadsko4d
dl.vmall.com/c0687f4x8j
dl.vmall.com/c0tliuhlc5
dl.vmall.com/c0pvg2hm3v
dl.vmall.com/c0fvdc5hwd
dl.vmall.com/c0d2jpu8p0
dl.vmall.com/c0a0tzdu3b
dl.vmall.com/c0zag2djo8
dl.vmall.com/c0zq2vhj06
dl.vmall.com/c0r6i8b3ud
dl.vmall.com/c0dlyc0acd
dl.vmall.com/c04tvrztt9
dl.vmall.com/c0tbawtdmv
dl.vmall.com/c0tqgh2aby
dl.vmall.com/c0iabb4axe
dl.vmall.com/c0ww7oplra
dl.vmall.com/c0gowro3ge
dl.vmall.com/c0arva0d0x
dl.vmall.com/c0rapgfzcn
dl.vmall.com/c00er9s60l
dl.vmall.com/c0idcd8dae
dl.vmall.com/c08qex88ca
dl.vmall.com/c0593fraoj
dl.vmall.com/c0obdo4h6n
dl.vmall.com/c0b2j1nowv
dl.vmall.com/c0alb55y3n
dl.vmall.com/c05r3tbp1e
dl.vmall.com/c0aa9cwdh4
dl.vmall.com/c0wu75ffgi
dl.vmall.com/c0n7ynaa62
dl.vmall.com/c0t5e758wj
dl.vmall.com/c0wol85wap
dl.vmall.com/c0izhj2hfp
dl.vmall.com/c05tfs1xbx
dl.vmall.com/c0zyai2jkn
dl.vmall.com/c0at6yvdbb
dl.vmall.com/c07zk567a4
dl.vmall.com/c0z44a393k
dl.vmall.com/c0yrwa8auc
dl.vmall.com/c05jiiu6xm
dl.vmall.com/c0utyx4ey5
dl.vmall.com/c00qakf45j
dl.vmall.com/c0eguc8kfe
dl.vmall.com/c0ghoaiay6
dl.vmall.com/c08xn83ss2
dl.vmall.com/c01r2f0loa
dl.vmall.com/c02ml9gygr
dl.vmall.com/c07aa2pjdt
dl.vmall.com/c0nvssbqdq
dl.vmall.com/c0feosazpn
dl.vmall.com/c010fpfpr2
dl.vmall.com/c0gp1azsxt
dl.vmall.com/c00y3owqjh
dl.vmall.com/c02la5j2ws
dl.vmall.com/c0c3xtuz4d
dl.vmall.com/c007hk1cnz
dl.vmall.com/c0r4lc0x7o
dl.vmall.com/c04d0x9t0b
dl.vmall.com/c0ut7eyjow
dl.vmall.com/c0vvrby7wa
dl.vmall.com/c07f47v4ad
dl.vmall.com/c0y7malq8b
dl.vmall.com/c0al3ysvn1
dl.vmall.com/c08ynm32j4
dl.vmall.com/c0qmm76r8x
dl.vmall.com/c0or9my41w
dl.vmall.com/c00u5yh74e
dl.vmall.com/c0856i74pa
dl.vmall.com/c0pyo5da80
dl.vmall.com/c0zf1jzh0u
dl.vmall.com/c0kzt6kibo
dl.vmall.com/c0fvl5j2vp
dl.vmall.com/c0jnpwlj8p
dl.vmall.com/c0anknwz6l
dl.vmall.com/c07wcmpiti
dl.vmall.com/c0kx7d5buq
dl.vmall.com/c0uw9e026v
dl.vmall.com/c0371aaa7u
dl.vmall.com/c0xsjb6ba5
dl.vmall.com/c033awmz66
dl.vmall.com/c01j6clhr6
dl.vmall.com/c0vci8xtqs
dl.vmall.com/c0srtz4aka
dl.vmall.com/c018wypi81
dl.vmall.com/c0gs7b6n88
dl.vmall.com/c09qp4i6qz
dl.vmall.com/c0rgzbkt06
dl.vmall.com/c0dujnjm3u
dl.vmall.com/c04runq23v
dl.vmall.com/c09m80jngw
dl.vmall.com/c0s0wzcmp1
dl.vmall.com/c0l9ww92kn
dl.vmall.com/c0av1c40zi
dl.vmall.com/c04nw1emea
dl.vmall.com/c0ygqjfj5i
dl.vmall.com/c02c77dbf5
dl.vmall.com/c0ibhw6vio
dl.vmall.com/c0oruqnay7
dl.vmall.com/c0z7zg1jth
dl.vmall.com/c068fgamul
dl.vmall.com/c07bd0e0jt
dl.vmall.com/c0740h5ju2
dl.vmall.com/c0n006yrmj
dl.vmall.com/c0smwmc7ks
dl.vmall.com/c08gfaa9a0
dl.vmall.com/c0oyw0iglc
dl.vmall.com/c0t4stkags
dl.vmall.com/c06x2i1hco
dl.vmall.com/c07b832itu
dl.vmall.com/c01o2r3d83
dl.vmall.com/c0f186fwhe
dl.vmall.com/c01u39asr7
dl.vmall.com/c0d1x3cci5
dl.vmall.com/c0cnzucaa6
dl.vmall.com/c00uwyktw6
dl.vmall.com/c0krc0h3c7
dl.vmall.com/c0sax4dhe5
dl.vmall.com/c039o7zrh0
dl.vmall.com/c0vp6niyaw
dl.vmall.com/c01gjek84q
dl.vmall.com/c0q2ch2g4u
dl.vmall.com/c0xgfx2awv
dl.vmall.com/c0c1o3s176
dl.vmall.com/c05vvg3qcq
dl.vmall.com/c0dewca276
dl.vmall.com/c0ibggtxld
dl.vmall.com/c09bxl6sqs
dl.vmall.com/c08wjzqwll
dl.vmall.com/c0u7oo1r8j
dl.vmall.com/c0wjjejwch
dl.vmall.com/c0rm3ipac1
dl.vmall.com/c0ac1pxb6s
dl.vmall.com/c01szdyl8w
dl.vmall.com/c0xebkpjbh
dl.vmall.com/c0rbchou41
dl.vmall.com/c06rcpijyu
dl.vmall.com/c05y8cufb4
dl.vmall.com/c0g3rkywhn
dl.vmall.com/c0mj5ihoi4
dl.vmall.com/c0fgomnq8b
dl.vmall.com/c02n0o3cb7
dl.vmall.com/c0uorzcw18
dl.vmall.com/c08zghzbcv
dl.vmall.com/c0ux3oic67
dl.vmall.com/c0mhjxq1z1
dl.vmall.com/c0ue11stcz
dl.vmall.com/c0lswblcis
dl.vmall.com/c0cvhfn1p7
dl.vmall.com/c03i3fs8yo
dl.vmall.com/c0t68bhvfp
dl.vmall.com/c0iuku5z80
dl.vmall.com/c0fg5fspwc
dl.vmall.com/c0kw95na5a
dl.vmall.com/c05q6lrhk1
dl.vmall.com/c075vy7o49
dl.vmall.com/c04wy00fz9
dl.vmall.com/c0k8uwy99m
dl.vmall.com/c0rzsza5vl
dl.vmall.com/c0b3qta2nx
dl.vmall.com/c0anm9rf08
dl.vmall.com/c0vdai4a19
dl.vmall.com/c0v4yp924b
dl.vmall.com/c0byntcwaj
dl.vmall.com/c00ij1w2uk
dl.vmall.com/c0a5cu658d
dl.vmall.com/c0v5daa6hr
dl.vmall.com/c0icl5s4bb
dl.vmall.com/c03af4aa7l
dl.vmall.com/c0u58v5hfc
dl.vmall.com/c06d5cqv3g
dl.vmall.com/c0582mz06f
dl.vmall.com/c0j5y7d4vr
dl.vmall.com/c0ofaiwo9z
dl.vmall.com/c0g38hgn7z
dl.vmall.com/c0wbqt1bgb
dl.vmall.com/c055wwlxzw
dl.vmall.com/c0mxba62mw
dl.vmall.com/c0ok4gv52p
dl.vmall.com/c0gcr5onrg
dl.vmall.com/c0zczqjb37
dl.vmall.com/c0hv1klxol
dl.vmall.com/c0jscddatq
dl.vmall.com/c0ahhjvaf1
dl.vmall.com/c0t5khf56n
dl.vmall.com/c0uz2l0y8w
dl.vmall.com/c0qb5niyhs
dl.vmall.com/c0nas6emew
dl.vmall.com/c0pm729ndl
dl.vmall.com/c0zr0j4uet
dl.vmall.com/c0x6vkdxvi
dl.vmall.com/c09gnurhgw
dl.vmall.com/c0asbnyyyd
dl.vmall.com/c0ixqchchz
dl.vmall.com/c0nn50571q
dl.vmall.com/c064z782cb
dl.vmall.com/c0e23iygur
dl.vmall.com/c02xau06ja
dl.vmall.com/c080alozqw
dl.vmall.com/c0otxn0png
dl.vmall.com/c0c9rx4v6n
dl.vmall.com/c0dmhlwhva
dl.vmall.com/c03xpolc0f
dl.vmall.com/c04l7axa28
dl.vmall.com/c0lekby9xa
dl.vmall.com/c08jeuonmh
dl.vmall.com/c0ce4c5726
dl.vmall.com/c0d0h2r823
dl.vmall.com/c0me2jiccq
dl.vmall.com/c0lfae15do
dl.vmall.com/c008czr0or
dl.vmall.com/c0kmpsn7qz
dl.vmall.com/c06wvw20uj
dl.vmall.com/c0gtbv7o7c
dl.vmall.com/c01k7ux9ol
dl.vmall.com/c0321ofc8a
dl.vmall.com/c08j0opira
dl.vmall.com/c0bnrjrw5o
dl.vmall.com/c0w8upgnqz
dl.vmall.com/c0084s63rd
dl.vmall.com/c0k14wsyhy
dl.vmall.com/c0fgfrmoyv
dl.vmall.com/c0147912nh
dl.vmall.com/c0traepvaw
dl.vmall.com/c0fzfzddze
dl.vmall.com/c0d96x23c9
dl.vmall.com/c0irsdb8zk
dl.vmall.com/c025mk3hkc
dl.vmall.com/c0vw35e3oh
dl.vmall.com/c0p1x55e1r
dl.vmall.com/c0a1a5aysa
dl.vmall.com/c0kscahq3d
dl.vmall.com/c0vippjs1l
dl.vmall.com/c0ofbjwwkg
dl.vmall.com/c0l2qtuw6z
dl.vmall.com/c0adaceas2
dl.vmall.com/c09lwj22tn
dl.vmall.com/c0i8a2cdvx
dl.vmall.com/c038wudbbz
dl.vmall.com/c0yj379ryo
dl.vmall.com/c0ohghi4rw
dl.vmall.com/c0wbmdgelm
dl.vmall.com/c0jca3qkd2
dl.vmall.com/c0k7wbsa6k
dl.vmall.com/c0cobv8qk1
dl.vmall.com/c05ldnlubf
dl.vmall.com/c0tf505etb
dl.vmall.com/c00gbuw6ys
dl.vmall.com/c0ckgayada
dl.vmall.com/c03tb6tin6
dl.vmall.com/c0qazw6in5
dl.vmall.com/c0vma6x560
dl.vmall.com/c0v4qr4rb1
dl.vmall.com/c07wjm8je6
dl.vmall.com/c0nasrwd1b
dl.vmall.com/c0alsluwin
dl.vmall.com/c0bgl2f8pb
dl.vmall.com/c003cl8w1h
dl.vmall.com/c0z09hrwdk
dl.vmall.com/c0la19x10b
dl.vmall.com/c043zzj4gy
dl.vmall.com/c0fcu0lnsj
dl.vmall.com/c08nk7xpr5
dl.vmall.com/c0cawsst59
dl.vmall.com/c09t727t1v
dl.vmall.com/c0djs8h9hw
dl.vmall.com/c01vh13a4k
dl.vmall.com/c0uhozp5zk
dl.vmall.com/c0u94fr0yf
dl.vmall.com/c0xo97m097
dl.vmall.com/c068ga17hk
dl.vmall.com/c0p84weshc
dl.vmall.com/c0h2ghxoyv
dl.vmall.com/c05bp0up92
dl.vmall.com/c0jot1gnpy
dl.vmall.com/c0iekmr3vx
dl.vmall.com/c0om38anja
dl.vmall.com/c0k50snufn
dl.vmall.com/c0oxw97agt
dl.vmall.com/c0fjc18mke
dl.vmall.com/c011fodt1n
dl.vmall.com/c0olpwjbqw
dl.vmall.com/c07ml4jmr6
dl.vmall.com/c0hp4c5sa2
dl.vmall.com/c0i8tmswyr
dl.vmall.com/c04u50waa5
dl.vmall.com/c0c7knybz0
dl.vmall.com/c0qzwr4a9f
dl.vmall.com/c0tyt2s3ny
dl.vmall.com/c0ktjpcojl
dl.vmall.com/c0kayqajk3
dl.vmall.com/c0b3cb7d3h
dl.vmall.com/c0ft558sp7
dl.vmall.com/c07exn0c4x
dl.vmall.com/c0o9hvafo4
dl.vmall.com/c06g2n4ocm
dl.vmall.com/c0lws1q9m2
dl.vmall.com/c0y6jtjc8h
dl.vmall.com/c0ll71gcpm
dl.vmall.com/c0t1av6tpm
dl.vmall.com/c0kyx61ke2
dl.vmall.com/c0yaiyydvf
dl.vmall.com/c0gdu69ugf
dl.vmall.com/c0zabx7byq
dl.vmall.com/c0ay71nukb
dl.vmall.com/c0u2atankb
dl.vmall.com/c0ugxfvthe
dl.vmall.com/c0d2afffh4
dl.vmall.com/c0gktifncc
dl.vmall.com/c0bz45kwv4
dl.vmall.com/c0mclv7jmb
dl.vmall.com/c0dspwtc6x
dl.vmall.com/c0nxed7hci
dl.vmall.com/c0vtmomcn2
dl.vmall.com/c0j0mcjv6q
dl.vmall.com/c0ajmnauj0
dl.vmall.com/c0ygmxc9i6
dl.vmall.com/c05y5j8dxq
dl.vmall.com/c07flkzmfn
dl.vmall.com/c0nmre4fiy
dl.vmall.com/c0lr6be1f2
dl.vmall.com/c0hn4viken
dl.vmall.com/c01dj79yam
dl.vmall.com/c0aaohjhak
dl.vmall.com/c0tgmrzk5u
dl.vmall.com/c0muqhhgs2
dl.vmall.com/c04ob9dpza
dl.vmall.com/c0nhf5ie1d
dl.vmall.com/c0vjbosh5e
dl.vmall.com/c0gf069lpt
dl.vmall.com/c0llpwmx40
dl.vmall.com/c0o3wl4hsz
dl.vmall.com/c0gkk0qkmd
dl.vmall.com/c0imcgjlca
dl.vmall.com/c09qzmu9am
dl.vmall.com/c0lk8lyoda
dl.vmall.com/c09gwf28e7
dl.vmall.com/c0sna49nte
dl.vmall.com/c0az7icdhr
dl.vmall.com/c0ho8do2af
另外, 在设计类的多线程操作时, 由于POSIX库下的线程函数pthread_create()要求是全局的, 普通成员函数无法直接做为线程函数, 可以考虑用Static成员函数做线程函数.
1076
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
