rabbitmq在spring boot中的使用

spring boot自动配置了rabbitmq的连接工厂、template等等，使用起来非常方便。

1、导入依赖

创建一个spring boot的maven工程，导入rabbitmq的starter就可以了。

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--测试用-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2、配置rabbitmq的连接

连接已经安装好的rabbitmq

spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456
spring.rabbitmq.port=12356
spring.rabbitmq.username=root

3、配置exchange和queue

import com.wt.rabbitmq.constant.CommonConstant;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @description: mq的交换机以及queue配置
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    //1、创建exchange
    @Bean("wtExchange")
    public Exchange wtExchange() {
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(CommonConstant.EXCHANGE_NAME).build();
    }

    //2、创建queue
    @Bean("wtQueue")
    public Queue wtQueue() {
        return QueueBuilder.durable(CommonConstant.QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }

    //3、queue绑定exchange，绑定时设置routing key
    @Bean
    public Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier("wtExchange") Exchange wtExchange, @Qualifier("wtQueue") Queue wtQueue) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(wtQueue).to(wtExchange).with(CommonConstant.ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
    }

}

其中的常量：

package com.wt.rabbitmq.constant;

/**
 * @description:
 */
public class CommonConstant {
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "wt_test_exchange_direct";

    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "wt_test_queue_1";

    public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "test.routing.key";
}

4、注入template，开始使用

4.1、producer的编写

package com.wt.rabbitmq;

import com.wt.rabbitmq.constant.CommonConstant;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class RabbitmqDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    @Test
    void testSend() {
        //rabbitmq 生产者
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(CommonConstant.EXCHANGE_NAME, CommonConstant.ROUTING_KEY, "wt test message");
    }

}

4.2、consumer的编写

package com.wt.rabbitmq.consumer;

import com.wt.rabbitmq.constant.CommonConstant;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @description:
 */
@Component
public class RabbitConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(queues = CommonConstant.QUEUE_NAME)
    public void Listener(String message) {
        System.out.println(message);
    }

}