实验：小型企业网的三层架构（HCIP）

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-22 16:51:21 发布

L重洋

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-22 16:51:21 发布

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分类专栏： HCIP 文章标签：网络网络协议架构

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kittle_linxi/article/details/130902280

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一、实验要求与拓扑搭建

二、实验过程

2.1 创建Eth-Trunk接口

目的是让两个物理接口逻辑成一个接口

[sw1]int Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]q
[sw1]int g0/0/23
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]eth-trunk 0
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]int g0/0/24
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]eth-trunk 0

2.2 创建Trunk干道

[sw2]port-group group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 Eth-Trunk 0
// 创建一个组，这个组包括g0/0/2和g0/0/3以及eth-trunk 0接口
[sw2-port-group]port link-type trunk
[sw2-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

[sw3]port-group group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[sw3-port-group]port link-type trunk
[sw3-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2

[sw4]port-group group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[sw4-port-group]port link-type trunk
[sw4-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2

2.3 创建vlan与并将接口划入

[sw3]int G0/0/4
[sw3-G0/0/4]port link-type access
[sw3-G0/0/4]port default vlan 2 只需把这个接口划入vlan2

2.4 创建生成树

1、配置MSTP

[sw2]stp mode mstp
[sw2]stp enable
[sw2]stp region-configuration
[sw2-mst-region]region-name a //创建域名
[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 //组1放vlan1
[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2
[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration //激活配置

[sw3]stp mode mstp
[sw3]stp enable
[sw1]stp region-configuration
[sw3-mst-region]region-name a
[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2
[sw3-mst-region]active region-configuration

[sw4]stp mode mstp
[sw4]stp enable
[sw4]stp region-configuration
[sw4-mst-region]region-name a
[sw4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1
[sw4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2
[sw4-mst-region]active region-configuration

2、sw1和sw2之间互相备份

[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary

3、设置stp的边缘接口

这两个接口连接着两台PC，为了使连电脑的接口效率更高

[sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/1 to Ethernet 0/0/2
[sw3-port-group]stp edged-port enable

[sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/1 to Ethernet 0/0/2
[sw4-port-group]stp edged-port enable

2.5 配置交换虚拟接口IP

[sw1]int vlan 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]ip ad 172.16.1.1 25
[sw1]int vlan 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.1.129 25

[sw2]int vlan 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]ip ad 172.16.1.2 25
[sw2]int vlan 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]ip ad 172.16.1.130 25

2.6 启用VRRP

虚拟接口配置网关

[sw1]interface vlan 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.126
//配置虚拟ip，vlan1的网段是172.16.1.0/25
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
//组1的根在sw1，网关也需要在这里，三合一，默认优先级为100
[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30
//上行链路追踪，要是这个接口坏了，g0/0/1直接拿走网关
[sw1]interface vlan 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.254 //vlan2设置为备份

[sw2]interface vlan 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.126 //vlan1做备份
[sw2]interface vlan 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 vir
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.1.254
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30

2.7 配置DHCP池塘

[sw1]dhcp enable
[sw1]ip pool v1
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]network 172.16.1.0 mask 25
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]gateway-list 172.16.1.126
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[sw1]ip pool v2
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]network 172.16.1.128 mask 25
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]gateway-list 172.16.1.254
[sw1-ip-pool-v1]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[sw1]int vlan 1
[sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global
[sw1-Vlanif1]int vlan 2
[sw1-Vlanif2]dhcp select global

[sw2]dhcp enable
[sw2]ip pool v1
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]network 172.16.1.0 mask 25
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]gateway-list 172.16.1.126
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[sw2]ip pool v2
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]network 172.16.1.128 mask 25
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]gateway-list 172.16.1.254
[sw2-ip-pool-v1]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[sw2]int vlan 1
[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global
[sw2-Vlanif1]int vlan 2
[sw2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global

2.8 配置路由

（1）为配置路由器做准备
[sw1]vlan 100
[sw1-vlan100]q
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int vlan 100
[sw1-Vlanif100]ip add 172.16.0.1 30

[sw2]vlan 100
[sw2-vlan100]int vlan 100
[sw2-Vlanif100]ip add 172.16.0.5 30
[sw2-Vlanif100]int g0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100

（2）配置路由的地址
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.6 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 12.1.1.1 24

[r1]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip ad 1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 12.1.1.2 24

2.9 启用OSPF协议

作用：把下面vlan部分的SVI进行宣告，要不然r2路由器学不到下面的路由表
ospf在一个区域内是无法宣告的，所以需要设置为两个区域

[sw1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.2
[sw1-ospf-1]area 0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[sw1-ospf-1]area 1
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[sw1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.129 0.0.0.0

[sw2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[sw2-ospf-1]area 0
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.5 0.0.0.0
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[sw2-ospf-1]area 1
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0
[sw2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.130 0.0.0.0

进行区域汇总，减少路由条目：

因为svi1和svi2会给所有trunk干道发hello包，会造成洪泛流量，尤其是在实际工程中，不止两个svi，不止这么几个trunk干道；所以得通过设置沉默接口去解决这个问题：

[sw1]ospf 1
[sw1-ospf-1]silent-interface all
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 //不沉默这些接口
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface vlanif 1
[sw1-ospf-1]undo silent-interface vlanif 100

[sw2]ospf 1
[sw2-ospf-1]silent-interface all
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface Eth-Trunk 0
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface vlanif 1
[sw2-ospf-1]undo silent-interface vlanif 100

查看邻居关系：