使用组件
<template>
<Bar />
<component :is="Foo" />
</template>
<script setup>
import Bar from './Bar.vue'
import Foo from './Foo.vue'
</script>
ref、reactive
- 基本类型一般使用ref
- 对象类型一般使用reacitve
- 数组两者都可以
隐式标注类型(ref、reactive会根据初始值推导类型)
import {ref, reactive} from 'vue'
const msg = ref('msg'); //msg.value
const num = ref(123); //num.value
const someone = reactive({
age: 11 // someone.age
});
const list1 = ref([]); //list1.value
const list2 = reactive([1,2]); // list2[0] 即1
显式标注类型
import {ref, reactive} from 'vue'
import type {Ref} from 'vue'
// 方式1: 通过Ref指定类型
const msg1: Ref<string | number> = ref(123);
// 方式2: 传入泛型参数,覆盖默认的推导行为
const msg2 = ref<string | number>('msg');
// 如果没有给初始值,那么将是联合类型Ref<string | undefined>
const msg3 = ref<string>();
// 对象类型可以使用接口,不推荐使用范型参数
inerface Person {
name: string
age?: number
}
const someone: Person = reactive({
name: 'Tom'
});
computed
import {ref, computed} from 'vue'
const a = ref(0);
// computed也会自动推导类型(常用)
const double1 = computed(() => a.value * 2) // double1.value
// 也可以通过泛型参数指定类型
const double2 = computed<number>(() => a.value * 2) // double2.value
methods
function change(e: any):void {
//
}
const add = (a: number, b: number):number => a + b
// 如果父组件需要调用子组件的方法, 需要设置defineExpose
defineExpose({change, add})
watch
import {ref, watch} from 'vue'
const msg = ref('')
const num = ref(0);
watch(msg, (newData, data) => {
console.log(newData, data)
}, {immediate: true, deep: true})
watch(num, (newData, data) => {
console.log(newData, data)
}, {immediate: true, deep: true})
props
// 泛型参数
const props = defineProps<{
num1: { type: Number, required: true },
num2: number,
num3?: number
}>();
// 也可以使用interface
interface Props {
num: { type: Number, required: true },
}
const props = defineProps<Props>();
// 设置默认值
const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
msg: string
}>(), {
msg: 'hello'
});
emits
const emit = defineEmits<{
(e: 'change', id: number): void
(e: 'update', value: string): void
}>()
const change = (id: number):void => {
emit('change', id);
}
const update = (value: string):void => {
emit('update', value);
}
生命周期
<script setup>
import { onMounted,onUpdated} from 'vue'
console.log('beforeCreated, created')
onMounted(() => {
console.log('mounted')
});
onUpdated(() => {
console.log('updated')
})
</script>
路由
import {useRouter, useRoute} from 'vue-router';
const router = useRouter(); // 用于路由跳转,如router.push()
const route = useRoute(); // 用于获取参数,如route.query、route.params
const currentRoute = computed(() => router.currentRoute.value.path); // 获取当前路由
slot
- 可以直接通过$slots访问,slots中存在该值,则显示该插槽,否则不现实
<template>
<div v-if="$slots.footer">
<slot name="footer"></slot>
</div>
</template>
- js中使用较少
import {useSlots} from 'vue';
const slots = useSlots();
const isHasFooter = ref(!!slots.footer) // 是否使用footer插槽
const hasSlots = ref(!!slots.default); // 判断插槽是否存在,或判断是否使用插槽