Spring之旅(一、装配Bean)
声明bean
构造器注入和setter注入
装配bean
控制bean的创建和销毁
Spring装配的三种机制
- 在XML中进行显示的配置
- 在JAVA中机芯显示的配置
- 隐式的bean发现机制和自动装配
下面用一个例子来对装配bean进行讲解
首先新建一个MAVEN项目:
- 右键点击,新建:
- 选择maven project:
- 点击下一步:
- 选择quickstart:
- 输入项目名称,点击完成
- 引入测试要用到的jar包
- 新建CompactDisc接口:
package com.pactera.helloSpring;
public interface CompactDisc {
void play();
}
- 新建SgtPeppers实现类,注意类上面的注解:Component。 这个简单的注解就是说明该类会作为组件类,并告知Spring要为这个类创建bean。虽然已经注解了Component,但是Spring不会主动的去扫描这些组件,需要我们显示的配置一下
package com.pactera.helloSpring;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {
private String title = "liuy is put";
private String artist = "the baetles";
@Override
public void play() {
System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
}
}
- 用配置类型实现组件扫描,只需要把这个类建在和SgtPeppers 相同的包,或者他的父包体中,spring就会启动扫描组件。去扫描了其所在包下的所有带有Component注解的类。自动创建bean。
package com.pactera.helloSpring;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class CDPlayerConfig {
}
还可以用xml进行配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.pactera.helloSpring">
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 现在可以写一个测试类进行测试:
package com.pactera.helloSpring;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest {
@Autowired
private CompactDisc cd;
@Test
public void cdShouldNotBeNull(){
cd.play();
}
}
右键点击Junit测试,就能发现这个测试类能正常运行。
package com.pactera.helloSpring;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
"classpath*:bean.xml"
})
public class CDPlayerTest {
@Autowired
private CompactDisc cd;
@Test
public void cdShouldNotBeNull(){
cd.play();
}
}
使用XML如上面的代码, 运行时会报下面的错误,是因为米有导入相应的包
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:96)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createUnfilteredTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:84)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:70)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:43)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:444)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 18 more
引入下面的包就可以了
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
简单的测试就做完了