Python+unittest+requests+excel实现接口自动化测试框架

• 环境：python3 + unittest + requests
• Excel管理测试用例，
• HTMLTestRunner生成测试报告
• 测试完成后邮件发送测试报告
• jsonpath方式做预期结果数据处理，后期多样化处理
• 后期扩展，CI持续集成

发送邮件效果：

项目整体结构：

common模块代码

class IsInstance:
 
    def get_instance(self, value, check):
        flag = None
        if isinstance(value, str):
            if check == value:
                flag = True
            else:
                flag = False
        elif isinstance(value, float):
            if value - float(check) == 0:
                flag = True
            else:
                flag = False
        elif isinstance(value, int):
            if value - int(check) == 0:
                flag = True
            else:
                flag = False
        return flag

# logger.py
 
import logging
import time
import os
 
 
class MyLogging:
 
    def __init__(self):
        timestr = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
        lib_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../logs'))
        filename = lib_path + '/' + timestr + '.log'  # 日志文件的地址
        self.logger = logging.getLogger()  # 定义对应的程序模块名name，默认为root
        self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)  # 必须设置，这里如果不显示设置，默认过滤掉warning之前的所有级别的信息
 
        sh = logging.StreamHandler()  # 日志输出到屏幕控制台
        sh.setLevel(logging.INFO)  # 设置日志等级
 
        fh = logging.FileHandler(filename=filename)  # 向文件filename输出日志信息
        fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)  # 设置日志等级
 
        # 设置格式对象
        formatter = logging.Formatter(
            "%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d]%(levelname)s - %(message)s")  # 定义日志输出格式
 
        # 设置handler的格式对象
        sh.setFormatter(formatter)
        fh.setFormatter(formatter)
 
        # 将handler增加到logger中
        self.logger.addHandler(sh)
        self.logger.addHandler(fh)
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    log = MyLogging().logger
    log.debug("debug")
    log.info("info")
    log.warning("warning")
    log.error("error")
    log.critical("critical")

# operate_excel.py
import xlrd
from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple
import openpyxl
import datetime
 
 
class ExcelData():
    def __init__(self, file_path, sheet_name):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.sheet_name = sheet_name
        self.workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_path)
 
        # 获取工作表的内容
        self.table = self.workbook.sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name)
        # 获取第一行内容
        self.keys = self.table.row_values(0)
        # 获取行数
        self.rowNum = self.table.nrows
        # 获取列数
        self.colNum = self.table.ncols
 
    def readExcel(self):
        datas = []
        for i in range(1, self.rowNum):
            sheet_data = []
            for j in range(self.colNum):
                # 获取单元格类型
                c_type = self.table.cell(i, j).ctype
                # 获取单元格数据
                c_cell = self.table.cell_value(i, j)
                if c_type == 2 and c_cell % 1 == 0:
                    c_cell = int(c_cell)
                elif c_type == 3:
                    date = datetime.datetime(*xldate_as_tuple(c_cell, 0))
                    c_cell = date.strftime('%Y/%d/%m %H:%M:%S')
                elif c_type == 4:
                    c_cell = True if c_cell == 1 else False
                # sheet_data[self.keys[j]] = c_cell   # 字典
                sheet_data.append(c_cell)
            datas.append(sheet_data)
        return datas
 
    def write(self, rowNum, colNum, result):
        workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(self.file_path)
        table = workbook.get_sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name)
        table = workbook.active
 
        # rows = table.max_row
        # cols = table.max_column
        # values = ['E','X','C','E','L']
        # for value in values:
        #     table.cell(rows + 1, 1).value = value
        #     rows = rows + 1
 
        # 指定单元格中写入数据
        table.cell(rowNum, colNum, result)
        workbook.save(self.file_path)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    file_path = "D:\python_data\接口自动化测试.xlsx"
    sheet_name = "测试用例"
    data = ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name)
    datas = data.readExcel()
    print(datas)
    print(type(datas))
    for i in datas:
        print(i)
 
    # data.write(2,12,"哈哈")

# send_email.py
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from config import read_email_config
import smtplib
 
 
def send_email(subject, mail_body, file_names=list()):
    # 获取邮件相关信息
    smtp_server = read_email_config.smtp_server
    port = read_email_config.port
    user_name = read_email_config.user_name
    password = read_email_config.password
    sender = read_email_config.sender
    receiver = read_email_config.receiver
 
    # 定义邮件内容
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    body = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8")
    msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
    msg["From"] = user_name
    msg["To"] = receiver
    msg.attach(body)
 
    # 附件:附件名称用英文
    for file_name in file_names:
        att = MIMEText(open(file_name, "rb").read(), "base64", "utf-8")
        att["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
        att["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment;filename='%s'" % (file_name)
        msg.attach(att)
 
    # 登录并发送邮件
    try:
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
        smtp.connect(smtp_server)
        smtp.login(user_name, password)
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver.split(','), msg.as_string())
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        print("邮件发送失败！")
    else:
        print("邮件发送成功！")
    finally:
        smtp.quit()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    subject = "测试标题"
    mail_body = "测试本文"
    receiver = "780156051@qq.com,hb_zhijun@163.com"  # 接收人邮件地址 用逗号分隔
    file_names = [r'D:\PycharmProjects\AutoTest\result\2020-02-23 13_38_41report.html']
    send_email(subject, mail_body, receiver, file_names)

# send_request.py
 
import requests
import json
 
 
class RunMethod:
    # post请求
    def do_post(self, url, data, headers=None):
        res = None
        if headers != None:
            res = requests.post(url=url, json=data, headers=headers)
        else:
            res = requests.post(url=url, json=data)
        return res.json()
 
    # get请求
    def do_get(self, url, data=None, headers=None):
        res = None
        if headers != None:
            res = requests.get(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
        else:
            res = requests.get(url=url, data=data)
        return res.json()
 
    def run_method(self, method, url, data=None, headers=None):
        res = None
        if method == "POST" or method == "post":
            res = self.do_post(url, data, headers)
        else:
            res = self.do_get(url, data, headers)
        return res

config模块

# coding:utf-8
# 邮件配置信息
 
[mysqlconf]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 3306
user = root
password = root
db = test

# coding:utf-8
# 邮箱配置信息
# email_config.ini

[email]
smtp_server = smtp.qq.com
port = 465
sender = 780***51@qq.com
password = hrpk******baf
user_name = 780***51@qq.com
receiver = 780***51@qq.com,h***n@163.com
 

# coding:utf-8
from pymysql import connect, cursors
from pymysql.err import OperationalError
import os
import configparser
 
# read_db_config.py
 
# 读取DB配数据
# os.path.realpath(__file__)：返回当前文件的绝对路径
# os.path.dirname()： 返回（）所在目录
cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
configPath = os.path.join(cur_path, "db_config.ini")  # 路径拼接：/config/db_config.ini
conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read(configPath, encoding="UTF-8")
 
host = conf.get("mysqlconf", "host")
port = conf.get("mysqlconf", "port ")
user = conf.get("mysqlconf", "user")
password = conf.get("mysqlconf", "password")
port = conf.get("mysqlconf", "port")

# coding:utf-8
import os
import configparser
# 读取邮件数据
# os.path.realpath(__file__)：返回当前文件的绝对路径
# os.path.dirname()： 返回（）所在目录
 
# read_email_config.py
 
cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))  # 当前文件的所在目录
configPath = os.path.join(cur_path, "email_config.ini")  # 路径拼接：/config/email_config.ini
conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read(configPath, encoding='UTF-8')  # 读取/config/email_config.ini 的内容
 
# get(section,option) 得到section中option的值，返回为string类型
smtp_server = conf.get("email", "smtp_server")
sender = conf.get("email", "sender")
user_name = conf.get("email","user_name")
password = conf.get("email", "password")
receiver = conf.get("email", "receiver")
port = conf.get("email", "port")
 

testcase模块

# test_case.py
 
from common.operate_excel import *
import unittest
from parameterized import parameterized
from common.send_request import RunMethod
import json
from common.logger import MyLogging
import jsonpath
from common.is_instance import IsInstance
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
import os
import time
 
lib_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../data"))
file_path = lib_path + "/" + "接口自动化测试.xlsx"  # excel的地址
sheet_name = "测试用例"
log = MyLogging().logger
 
 
def getExcelData():
    list = ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).readExcel()
    return list
 
 
class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
    @parameterized.expand(getExcelData())
    def test_api(self, rowNumber, caseRowNumber, testCaseName, priority, apiName, url, method, parmsType, data,
                 checkPoint, isRun, result):
        if isRun == "Y" or isRun == "y":
            log.info("【开始执行测试用例：{}】".format(testCaseName))
            headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
            data = json.loads(data)  # 字典对象转换为json字符串
            c = checkPoint.split(",")
            log.info("用例设置检查点：%s" % c)
            print("用例设置检查点：%s" % c)
            log.info("请求url：%s" % url)
            log.info("请求参数：%s" % data)
            r = RunMethod()
            res = r.run_method(method, url, data, headers)
            log.info("返回结果：%s" % res)
 
            flag = None
            for i in range(0, len(c)):
                checkPoint_dict = {}
                checkPoint_dict[c[i].split('=')[0]] = c[i].split('=')[1]
                # jsonpath方式获取检查点对应的返回数据
                list = jsonpath.jsonpath(res, c[i].split('=')[0])
                value = list[0]
                check = checkPoint_dict[c[i].split('=')[0]]
                log.info("检查点数据{}：{},返回数据：{}".format(i + 1, check, value))
                print("检查点数据{}：{},返回数据：{}".format(i + 1, check, value))
                # 判断检查点数据是否与返回的数据一致
                flag = IsInstance().get_instance(value, check)
 
            if flag:
                log.info("【测试结果：通过】")
                ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).write(rowNumber + 1, 12, "Pass")
            else:
                log.info("【测试结果：失败】")
                ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).write(rowNumber + 1, 12, "Fail")
 
            # 断言
            self.assertTrue(flag, msg="检查点数据与实际返回数据不一致")
        else:
            unittest.skip("不执行")
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # unittest.main()
    # Alt+Shift+f10 执行生成报告
 
    # 报告样式1
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase))
    now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S')
    report_path = r"D:\PycharmProjects\AutoTest\result\report.html"
    with open(report_path, "wb") as f:
        runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title="Esearch接口测试报告", description="测试用例执行情况", verbosity=2)
        runner.run(suite)

用例执行文件

import os
import time
import unittest
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
from common.send_email import send_email
 
# run_case.py
 
# 获取当前py文件绝对路径
cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
 
 
# 1: 加载测试用例
def all_test():
    case_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "testcase")
    suite = unittest.TestLoader().discover(start_dir=case_path, pattern="test_*.py", top_level_dir=None)
    return suite
 
 
# 2: 执行测试用例
def run():
    now = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")
    # 测试报告路径
    file_name = os.path.join(cur_path, "report") + "/" + now + "-report.html"
    f = open(file_name, "wb")
    runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title="接口自动化测试报告",
                            description="环境：windows 10 浏览器：chrome",
                            tester="wangzhijun")
    runner.run(all_test())
    f.close()
 
 
# 3: 获取最新的测试报告
def get_report(report_path):
    list = os.listdir(report_path)
    list.sort(key=lambda x: os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(report_path, x)))
    print("测试报告：", list[-1])
    report_file = os.path.join(report_path, list[-1])
    return report_file
 
 
# 4: 发送邮件
def send_mail(subject, report_file, file_names):
    # 读取测试报告内容，作为邮件的正文内容
    with open(report_file, "rb") as f:
        mail_body = f.read()
    send_email(subject, mail_body, file_names)
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    run()
    report_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "report")  # 测试报告路径
    report_file = get_report(report_path)  # 测试报告文件
    subject = "Esearch接口测试报告"  # 邮件主题
    file_names = [report_file]  # 邮件附件
    # 发送邮件
    send_mail(subject, report_file, file_names)

data:

report:

logs:

最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：

这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程，希望也能帮助到你!有需要的小伙伴可以点击下方小卡片领取