core dump 学习

昨天面试，面试官问，程序宕掉了，你怎么办。我竟然说重新运行程序，通过gdb去调试。今天晚上查了，原来可以通过core dump来定位到具体出现在什么地方。

首先解释一下，什么叫core dump，当一个进程要异常终止时，可以选择把进程的用户空间内存数据全部保存到磁盘上，文件名通常是core，这叫做Core Dump。进程异常终止通常是因为有Bug，比如非法内存访问导致段错误，事后可以用调试器检查core文件以查清错误原因。一个进程允许产生多大的core文件取决于进程的Resource Limit（这个信息保存在PCB中）。默认是不允许设置的。

可以通过ulimit -c 1024 即允许core文件最大为1024k，也可以设置成ulimit -c umlimited.亦可以在/etc/profile中修改ulimit -Sc 0那条语句。

对下面的程序，我们通过core dump来定位错误

#include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> void a() { char *p = NULL; printf("%d/n", *p); } int main() { a(); return 0; }

运行发生段错误。

定位信息

zdx:~/Desktop/C program/linuxc # gdb a.out core GNU gdb 6.4 Copyright 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i586-suse-linux"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1". Core was generated by `./a.out'. Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault. warning: Can't read pathname for load map: 输入/输出错误. Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6 Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2 #0 0x080483c4 in a () at loop.c:6 6 printf("%d/n", *p); (gdb)

这样就很容易的定位到发生错误的地方。

或这样

zdx:~/Desktop/C program/linuxc # gdb -c core GNU gdb 6.4 Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault. #0 0x080483c4 in ?? () (gdb) bt #0 0x080483c4 in ?? () #1 0xb7f00ff4 in ?? () #2 0xb7efefd4 in ?? () #3 0xbfb68848 in ?? () #4 0x08048429 in ?? () #5 0xb7f01ca0 in ?? () #6 0x00000000 in ?? () (gdb) file a.out Reading symbols from /root/Desktop/C program/linuxc/a.out...done. (gdb) bt #0 0x080483c4 in a () at loop.c:6 #1 0x080483f2 in main () at loop.c:12 (gdb)l 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 void a() 4 { 5 char *p = NULL; 6 printf("%d/n", *p); 7 } 8

具体更详细的可以查看man文档。