[ ] && ——快捷if
shell的if与c语言if的功能上的区别
=================================以command作为if 条件===================================
以多条command或者函数作为if 条件
以函数作为if条件 (函数就相当于command,函数的优点是其return值可以自定义)
if command 等价于 command+if $?
========================================以条件表达式作为 if条件=============================
传统if 从句子——以条件表达式作为 if条件
if [ 条件表达式 ]
then
command
command
command
else
command
command
fi
条件表达式
file ] 如果文件存在
if [ -d ... ] 如果目录存在
if [ -s file ] 如果文件存在且非空
if [ -r file ]
如果文件存在且可读
if [ -w file ]
如果文件存在且可写
if [ -x file ]
如果文件存在且可执行
如果int1等于int2
if [ int1 -ne int2 ] 如果不等于
if [ int1 -ge int2 ]
如果>=
if [ int1 -gt int2 ]
如果>
if [ int1 -le int2 ]
如果<=
if [ int1 -lt int2 ]
如果<
[ $a = $b ]
如果string1等于string2
字符串允许使用赋值号做等号
if [ $string1 !=
$string2 ]
如果string1不等于string2
if [ -n $string ] 如果string 非空(非0),返回0(true)
if [ -z $string
]
如果string 为空
if [ $sting ] 如果string 非空,返回0 (和-n类似)
条件表达式引用变量要带$
改正:
-eq -ne -lt -nt只能用于整数,不适用于字符串,字符串等于用赋值号=
=放在别的地方是赋值,放在if [ ] 里就是字符串等于,shell里面没有==的,那是c语言的等于
无空格的字符串,可以加" ",也可以不加
= 作为等于时,其两边都必须加空格,否则失效
等号也是操作符,必须和其他变量,关键字,用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反,两边不能有空格)
If [ $ANS ] 等价于 if [ -n $ANS ]
如果字符串变量非空(then) , 空(else)
整数条件表达式,大于,小于,s
hell里没有> 和< ,会被当作尖括号,只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt
整数操作符号-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 别忘了加-
============================逻辑表达式=========================================
逻辑非 ! 条件表达式的相反
if [ ! 表达式 ]
if [ ! -d $num ]
如果不存在目录$num
逻辑与 –a
条件表达式的并列
if [ 表达式1 –a
表达式2 ]
逻辑或 -o
条件表达式的或
if [ 表达式1 –o 表达式2 ]
逻辑表达式
最常见的赋值形式,赋值前对=两边的变量都进行评测
左边测变量是否为空,右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
一个-o的例子,其中却揭示了”=”必须两边留空格的问题
===================以 test 条件表达式作为if条件===================================
if test $num -eq 0 等价于 if [ $num –eq 0 ]
test 表达式,没有 [ ]
if test $num -eq 0
then
echo "try again"
else
echo "good"
fi
man test
======================if简化语句=================================
最常用的简化if语句
用简化 if 和$1,$2,$3来检测参数,不合理就调用help
[ -z "$1" ] && help 如果第一个参数不存在(-z 字符串长度为0 )
[ "$1" = "-h" ] && help
如果第一个参数是-h,就显示help
例子
#!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
[ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo "This computer uses shadow passwors" |
|
| |
0为真,走then | |
必须:if [ i –ne 0 ] 但支持字符串变量直接if if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 | if (i ) |
=================================以command作为if 条件===================================
echo –n “input:” read user if 多条指令,这些命令之间相当于“and”(与) grep $user /etc/passwd >/tmp/null who -u | grep $user then else fi |
# sh test.sh input : macg macg macg has logged # sh test.sh input : ddd ddd has not logged |
if 以函数作为if条件, getyn then echo " your answer is yes" else echo "your anser is no" fi |
$ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh if cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 then echo found else echo "no found" fi | #!/bin/sh cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $? echo found else echo $? echo "no found" fi |
$ sh testsh.sh no found | $ sh testsh.sh 1 no found |
$ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file found | $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file 0 found |
========================================以条件表达式作为 if条件=============================
if [ 条件表达式 ]
then
else
fi
- 文件表达式
if [ -d ...
if [ -s file
if [ -r file
if [ -w file
if [ -x file
- 整数变量表达式
if [ int1 -ne int2 ]
if [ int1 -ge int2 ]
if [ int1 -gt int2 ]
if [ int1 -le int2 ]
if [ int1 -lt int2 ]
-
字符串变量表达式
if
if
if
if
if [ a = b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 no equal |
if [ $a = $b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 equal |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo -n "input your choice:" read var if then echo $var fi [macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh input your choice: y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integer expression_r_r_r expected |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a echo "input is $a" if [ $a = 123 ] ; then echo equal123 fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 input is 123 equal123 |
等号也是操作符,必须和其他变量,关键字,用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反,两边不能有空格)
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var="yes" ] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi | [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var = "yes" ] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input is correct [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n n input is correct 输错了也走then,都走then,为什么? 因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量,而此变量为空,返回1,则走else | input your choice: y y input error [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no no input error 一切正常 |
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS ] then echo no empty else echo empth fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: empth [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 34 no empty |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a if echo 3bit else echo 2bit fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 20 2bit |
if [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
if [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit |
============================逻辑表达式=========================================
if [ ! 表达式 ]
if [ ! -d $num ]
if [ 表达式1
if [ 表达式1
-
表达式与前面的= != -d –f –x -ne -eq -lt等合用
-
逻辑符号就正常的接其他表达式,没有任何括号( ),就是并列
-
注意逻辑与-a与逻辑或-o很容易和其他字符串或文件的运算符号搞混了
左边测变量是否为空,右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
|
[macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh : echo "input the num:" read num echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ] then JHHOME=$HOME/$num fi echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME" |
----------------------- [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is 目录-d $HOME/$num |
[macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS="Yes" -o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no y 为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then) 因为=被连读了,成了变量$ANS="Yes",而变量又为空,所以走else了 |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read ANS read ANS if [ $ANS = "Yes" -o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no n [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: yes y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y |
===================以
if test $num -eq 0
then
echo "try again"
else
echo "good"
fi
[macg@machome ~]$ man test [(1) SYNOPSIS FILE exists and is executable |
======================if简化语句=================================
[ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm /var/run/dhcpd.pid |
[ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit 0 |
[ -z "$1" ] && help
[ "$1" = "-h" ] && help
例子
#!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1