javascript：创建类的注意事项

class Character {
  constructor(name, health, strength) {
    this.name = name;
    this.health = health;
    this.strength = strength;
    this.xp = 0; // XP is always zero for new characters
  }
  // Return the character description
  describe() {
    return `${this.name} has ${this.health} health points, ${this
      .strength} as strength and ${this.xp} XP points`;
  }
}

• 使用 class 关键字创建类，后跟类的名称
• 与对象字面量相反，类中的元素之间没有分隔标点
• 一个类只能包含方法，例如 describe()，不能包含数据属性
• 与对象字面量一样，this关键字由 JavaScript 在方法内自动设置，表示调用该方法的对象。
• 可以将一个名为的特殊方法constructor()添加到类定义中。它在对象创建期间被调用，通常用于为其提供数据属性。

使用类创建一个对象

        使用 new 操作符，调用类构造函数 constructor 来初始化新创建的对象，创建的对象可以访问类中的属性

class Character {
  constructor(name, health, strength) {
    this.name = name;
    this.health = health;
    this.strength = strength;
    this.xp = 0; // XP is always zero for new characters
  }
  // Return the character description
  describe() {
    return `${this.name} has ${this.health} health points, ${this
      .strength} as strength and ${this.xp} XP points`;
  }
}
const aurora = new Character("Aurora", 150, 25);
const glacius = new Character("Glacius", 130, 30);

// Aurora is harmed by an arrow
aurora.health -= 20;

// Aurora gains a strength necklace
aurora.strength += 10;

// Aurora learns a new skill
aurora.xp += 15;

console.log(aurora.describe());
console.log(glacius.describe());

规范用法如下：

class MyClass {
  constructor(param1, param2, ...) {
    this.property1 = param1;
    this.property2 = param2;
    // ...
  }
  method1(/* ... */) {
    // ...
  }
  method2(/* ... */) {
    // ...
  }
  // ...
}

const myObject = new MyClass(arg1, arg2, ...);
myObject.method1(/* ... */);
// ...