一、Hystrix的类是如何组织的

            在Hystrix中，类的引用都是单实例对象，由静态工厂方法创建，使用时如：xxx.Factory.getInstance() 。如获取一个HystrixCircuitBreaker实例： HystrixCircuitBreaker circuitBreaker = HystrixCircuitBreaker.Factory.getInstance(key);  

     接口、Factory(工厂类)、实现通常都是在一个类文件中，下面是HystrixCircuitBreaker 这个类的文件内容：

public interface HystrixCircuitBreaker {

    /**
     * Every {@link HystrixCommand} requests asks this if it is allowed to proceed or not.
     * <p>
     * This takes into account the half-open logic which allows some requests through when determining if it should be closed again.
     * 
     * @return boolean whether a request should be permitted
     */
    public boolean allowRequest();

    /**
     * Whether the circuit is currently open (tripped).
     * 
     * @return boolean state of circuit breaker
     */
    public boolean isOpen();

    /**
     * Invoked on successful executions from {@link HystrixCommand} as part of feedback mechanism when in a half-open state.
     */
    /* package */void markSuccess();

    /**
     * @ExcludeFromJavadoc
     * @ThreadSafe
     */
    public static class Factory {
        // String is HystrixCommandKey.name() (we can't use HystrixCommandKey directly as we can't guarantee it implements hashcode/equals correctly)
        private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, HystrixCircuitBreaker> circuitBreakersByCommand = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, HystrixCircuitBreaker>();

        /**
         * Get the {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker} instance for a given {@link HystrixCommandKey}.
         * <p>
         * This is thread-safe and ensures only 1 {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker} per {@link HystrixCommandKey}.
         * 
         * @param key
         *            {@link HystrixCommandKey} of {@link HystrixCommand} instance requesting the {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}
         * @param group
         *            Pass-thru to {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}
         * @param properties
         *            Pass-thru to {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}
         * @param metrics
         *            Pass-thru to {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}
         * @return {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker} for {@link HystrixCommandKey}
         */
        public static HystrixCircuitBreaker getInstance(HystrixCommandKey key, HystrixCommandGroupKey group, HystrixCommandProperties properties, HystrixCommandMetrics metrics) {
            // this should find it for all but the first time
            HystrixCircuitBreaker previouslyCached = circuitBreakersByCommand.get(key.name());
            if (previouslyCached != null) {
                return previouslyCached;
            }

            // if we get here this is the first time so we need to initialize

            // Create and add to the map ... use putIfAbsent to atomically handle the possible race-condition of
            // 2 threads hitting this point at the same time and let ConcurrentHashMap provide us our thread-safety
            // If 2 threads hit here only one will get added and the other will get a non-null response instead.
            HystrixCircuitBreaker cbForCommand = circuitBreakersByCommand.putIfAbsent(key.name(), new HystrixCircuitBreakerImpl(key, group, properties, metrics));
            if (cbForCommand == null) {
                // this means the putIfAbsent step just created a new one so let's retrieve and return it
                return circuitBreakersByCommand.get(key.name());
            } else {
                // this means a race occurred and while attempting to 'put' another one got there before
                // and we instead retrieved it and will now return it
                return cbForCommand;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Get the {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker} instance for a given {@link HystrixCommandKey} or null if none exists.
         * 
         * @param key
         *            {@link HystrixCommandKey} of {@link HystrixCommand} instance requesting the {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}
         * @return {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker} for {@link HystrixCommandKey}
         */
        public static HystrixCircuitBreaker getInstance(HystrixCommandKey key) {
            return circuitBreakersByCommand.get(key.name());
        }

        /**
         * Clears all circuit breakers. If new requests come in instances will be recreated.
         */
        /* package */static void reset() {
            circuitBreakersByCommand.clear();
        }
    }

    /**
     * The default production implementation of {@link HystrixCircuitBreaker}.
     * 
     * @ExcludeFromJavadoc
     * @ThreadSafe
     */
    /* package */static class HystrixCircuitBreakerImpl implements HystrixCircuitBreaker {
        private final HystrixCommandProperties properties;
        private final HystrixCommandMetrics metrics;

        /* track whether this circuit is open/closed at any given point in time (default to false==closed) */
        private AtomicBoolean circuitOpen = new AtomicBoolean(false);

        /* when the circuit was marked open or was last allowed to try a 'singleTest' */
        private AtomicLong circuitOpenedOrLastTestedTime = new AtomicLong();

        protected HystrixCircuitBreakerImpl(HystrixCommandKey key, HystrixCommandGroupKey commandGroup, HystrixCommandProperties properties, HystrixCommandMetrics metrics) {
            this.properties = properties;
            this.metrics = metrics;
        }

        public void markSuccess() {
            if (circuitOpen.get()) {
                // TODO how can we can do this without resetting the counts so we don't lose metrics of short-circuits etc?
                metrics.resetCounter();
                // If we have been 'open' and have a success then we want to close the circuit. This handles the 'singleTest' logic
                circuitOpen.set(false);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public boolean allowRequest() {
            if (properties.circuitBreakerForceOpen().get()) {
                // properties have asked us to force the circuit open so we will allow NO requests
                return false;
            }
            if (properties.circuitBreakerForceClosed().get()) {
                // we still want to allow isOpen() to perform it's calculations so we simulate normal behavior
                isOpen();
                // properties have asked us to ignore errors so we will ignore the results of isOpen and just allow all traffic through
                return true;
            }
            return !isOpen() || allowSingleTest();
        }

        public boolean allowSingleTest() {
            long timeCircuitOpenedOrWasLastTested = circuitOpenedOrLastTestedTime.get();
            // 1) if the circuit is open
            // 2) and it's been longer than 'sleepWindow' since we opened the circuit
            if (circuitOpen.get() && System.currentTimeMillis() > timeCircuitOpenedOrWasLastTested + properties.circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds().get()) {
                // We push the 'circuitOpenedTime' ahead by 'sleepWindow' since we have allowed one request to try.
                // If it succeeds the circuit will be closed, otherwise another singleTest will be allowed at the end of the 'sleepWindow'.
                if (circuitOpenedOrLastTestedTime.compareAndSet(timeCircuitOpenedOrWasLastTested, System.currentTimeMillis())) {
                    // if this returns true that means we set the time so we'll return true to allow the singleTest
                    // if it returned false it means another thread raced us and allowed the singleTest before we did
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isOpen() {
            if (circuitOpen.get()) {
                // if we're open we immediately return true and don't bother attempting to 'close' ourself as that is left to allowSingleTest and a subsequent successful test to close
                return true;
            }

            // we're closed, so let's see if errors have made us so we should trip the circuit open
            HealthCounts health = metrics.getHealthCounts();

            // check if we are past the statisticalWindowVolumeThreshold
            if (health.getTotalRequests() < properties.circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold().get()) {
                // we are not past the minimum volume threshold for the statisticalWindow so we'll return false immediately and not calculate anything
                return false;
            }

            if (health.getErrorPercentage() < properties.circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage().get()) {
                return false;
            } else {
                // our failure rate is too high, trip the circuit
                if (circuitOpen.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                    // if the previousValue was false then we want to set the currentTime
                    circuitOpenedOrLastTestedTime.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    return true;
                } else {
                    // How could previousValue be true? If another thread was going through this code at the same time a race-condition could have
                    // caused another thread to set it to true already even though we were in the process of doing the same
                    // In this case, we know the circuit is open, so let the other thread set the currentTime and report back that the circuit is open
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * An implementation of the circuit breaker that does nothing.
     * 
     * @ExcludeFromJavadoc
     */
    /* package */static class NoOpCircuitBreaker implements HystrixCircuitBreaker {

        @Override
        public boolean allowRequest() {
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isOpen() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void markSuccess() {

        }

    }

}