文章阅读顺序建议:
本系列有一个递进的顺序,可依次阅读以下的文章:
一、采用Delegate对一个未知类型的对象进行"遍历"
二、采用表达式树(Expression Tree)对一个对象的属性进行“遍历”
三、 采用表达式树(Expression Block)对一个对象的属性进行“遍历”
由于有时候需要对一个不知类型的object进行“遍历”,得到它的所有公有的属性和字段。虽然可以采用反射来实现,但是代价太高了,特别是要多次执行时。因此,我写了一个用Delegate来实现的方法,供大家参考和交流。
我定义了MemberAccessor.dll。里面有四个文件,具体的内容如下:
定义一个获得对象的某个Member的Value的接口:IMemberAccessor.cs
namespace MemberAccessor
{
/// <summary>
/// 获得Member值的接口
/// </summary>
public interface IMemberAccessor
{
object GetValue(object instance);
}
}
定义一个获取指定类型的指定属性的GetValue的类: PropertyDelegateAccessor.cs
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace MemberAccessor
{
/// <summary>
/// 针对PropertyInfo,生成一个能够获得PropertyInfo Value的实例
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TType"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TMember"></typeparam>
public class PropertyDelegateAccesstor<TType, TMember> : IMemberAccessor
{
private Func<TType, TMember> m_getValueDelegate;
public PropertyDelegateAccesstor(Type type, MethodInfo methodInfo)
{
m_getValueDelegate =
(Func<TType, TMember>) Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof (Func<TType, TMember>), null, methodInfo);
}
public object GetValue(object instance)
{
return m_getValueDelegate((TType)instance);
}
}
}
定义一个获取指定类型的指定字段的GetValue的类:FieldDelegateAccessor
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace MemberAccessor
{
/// <summary>
/// 提交一个FieldInfo,生成一个获得该FieldInfo Value的实例
/// </summary>
public class FieldDelegateAccessor:IMemberAccessor
{
private Func<object, object> m_getValueDelegate;
public FieldDelegateAccessor(FieldInfo fieldInfo)
{
m_getValueDelegate = fieldInfo.GetValue;
}
public object GetValue(object instance)
{
return m_getValueDelegate(instance);
}
}
}
利用上面的三个接口与类,生成一个针对指定类型的所有属性与字段访问的类:InstanceDelegateAccessor.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
namespace MemberAccessor
{
/// <summary>
/// 针对某一个类型的实例,生成一个获得该类型的相应Property与Field 值的实例
/// </summary>
public class InstanceDelegateAccessor
{
private Dictionary<string, IMemberAccessor> m_memberAccessors;
public InstanceDelegateAccessor(Type type, BindingFlags propertyBindingFlags, BindingFlags fieldBindingFlags)
{
m_memberAccessors = new Dictionary<string, IMemberAccessor>();
#region create accessor
//property
var pis = type.GetProperties(propertyBindingFlags);
foreach (var pi in pis)
{
var name = pi.Name;
var accessor =
Activator.CreateInstance(
typeof (PropertyDelegateAccesstor<,>).MakeGenericType(type, pi.PropertyType), type, pi.GetGetMethod()) as
IMemberAccessor;
m_memberAccessors.Add(name, accessor);
}
//field
var fis = type.GetFields(fieldBindingFlags);
foreach (var fi in fis)
{
var name = fi.Name;
var accessor = new FieldDelegateAccessor(fi);
m_memberAccessors.Add(name, accessor);
}
#endregion
}
public object GetValue(object instance, string memberName)
{
if (instance == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(memberName))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("input paremeters have null value.");
}
IMemberAccessor accessor = null;
if (m_memberAccessors.TryGetValue(memberName, out accessor) == false || accessor == null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("can not find any MemberDelegate for memberName:" + memberName);
}
return accessor.GetValue(instance);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回一个类的所有字段,属性的序列对:
/// Prop: Value
/// Field: Value
/// </summary>
/// <param name="instance"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public IList<Tuple<object,object>> GetValues(object instance)
{
var objs = new List<Tuple<object, object>>();
foreach (var key in m_memberAccessors.Keys)
{
var value = GetValue(instance, key);
objs.Add(new Tuple<object, object>(key, value));
}
return objs;
}
}
最后,测试:
说明:
在Main方法里先创建两个对象,一个是StringTest,另一个是IntTest。并创建与它们类型相对应的InstanceDelegateAccessor对象。
最后分别调用ShowAllPublicValue,将对象和它对应的InstanceDelegateAccessor对象作为参数传入,再在该方法里打印对应的属性与字段。
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using MemberAccessor;
namespace Study
{
public class Test
{
public string stringField;
public int IntProperty { get; set; }
public Test(int prop )
{
stringField = "stringField value";
IntProperty = prop;
}
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
InstanceDelegateAccessor ida = null;
int total = 10; //多个相同的类,采用同一个Serializer即可
for (int i = 0; i < total; ++i)
{
//新建的Object
Test test = new Test(i);
if (ida == null)
{
//没有Serializer,新建
ida = new InstanceDelegateAccessor(test.GetType(), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
}
//返回的结果:
var results = ida.GetValues(test);
foreach (var result in results)
{
Console.WriteLine(result.Item1 + ": " + result.Item2);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
}
有一点不足的是,如果一个类里引用了另一个类的对象,这样的话,就只能调用默认的ToString函数了,而不是这个对象的属性了。
比如说:
class A{
public B b;
}
class B{
public int Bid{get;set;}
}
则一旦我去获取A的所有字段,那么对于A里的b对象,我就只能得到b的ToString()方法返回的结果,我无法得到B里的属性Bid。
有知道如何获得的朋友,希望交流。
参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/nankezhishi/archive/2012/02/11/dynamicaccess.html#di