简介:Swap分区在系统的物理内存不够用的时候,把硬盘空间中的一部分空间释放出来,以供当前运行的程序使用。那些被释放的空间可能来自一些很长时间没有什么操作的程序,这些被释放的空间被临时保存到Swap分区中,等到那些程序要运行时,再从Swap分区中恢复保存的数据到内存中。
如何新建一个swap分区:
① 从硬盘上面分出一个分区(大概是内存的2倍),类型为 82 Linux swap / So。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b9573
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 20891647 10240000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): q
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20891648-41943039, default 20891648):
Using default value 20891648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20891648-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): T
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
②刷一下分区表。
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
③格式化新建的分区(刚刚新建的分区是 /dev/sda3)
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sda3
mkswap: /dev/sda3: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB
no label, UUID=0231b39a-b9d3-4161-889f-5a35abe92983
④挂载刚刚格式化的SWAP分区
vim /etc/fstab [进入fstab,修改fstab,增加swap 挂载信息]
UUID=58a2d551-6d2a-40cb-98e5-1b73f47ad81e swap swap defaults 0 0
⑤使用命令 swapon -a 挂载swapon
⑥一些常用的swap 命令
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s(列出挂载的swap)
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda3 partition 2097148 0 -1
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff -a(卸载fstab中挂载的swap)
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -a
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda3 partition 2097148 0 -1
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/sda3(通过分区卸载swap)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
[root@localhost ~]#