因C#一段代码，引发的问题

请看以下代码：

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Person[] persons = new Person[]
                                   {
                                       new Person{FirstName="aaa",LastName="bbb"},
                                       new Person{FirstName="ccc",LastName="ddd"},
                                       new Person{FirstName="eee",LastName="fff"}
                                   };
            People people = new People(persons);

            foreach (var item in people )
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
        }

根据以上代码声明Person类和People类，其实这段代码就是考了迭代器，先看一下什么是迭代器：

• 迭代器是返回相同类型值得有序序列的一段代码。
• 迭代器可用作方法，属性，运算符的代码体。
• 迭代器使用yield return返回每个元素 和 yield break终止迭代。
• 可以在类中实现多个迭代器。
• 迭代器的返回类型必须是 IEnumerable、IEnumerator、IEnumerable<T> 或 IEnumerator<T>。

IEnumerable 接口

公开枚举器，该枚举器支持在非泛型集合上进行简单迭代。

公开成员：

GetEnumerator

返回一个循环访问集合的枚举数。

IEnumerator 接口

支持对非泛型集合的简单迭代。IEnumerator 是所有非泛型枚举数的基接口。

以下代码实现IEnumerable接口和IEnumerator接口

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class Person
{
    public Person(string fName, string lName)
    {
        this.firstName = fName;
        this.lastName = lName;
    }

    public string firstName;
    public string lastName;
}

public class People : IEnumerable
{
    private Person[] _people;
    public People(Person[] pArray)
    {
        _people = new Person[pArray.Length];

        for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
        {
            _people[i] = pArray[i];
        }
    }

    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        return new PeopleEnum(_people);
    }
}

public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator
{
    public Person[] _people;

    // Enumerators are positioned before the first element
    // until the first MoveNext() call.
    int position = -1;

    public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
    {
        _people = list;
    }

    public bool MoveNext()
    {
        position++;
        return (position < _people.Length);
    }

    public void Reset()
    {
        position = -1;
    }

    public object Current
    {
        get
        {
            try
            {
                return _people[position];
            }
            catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
    }
}

class App
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
        {
            new Person("John", "Smith"),
            new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),
            new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),
        };

        People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
        foreach (Person p in peopleList)
            Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);

    }
}

IEnumerator 泛型接口和IEnumerable泛型接口

支持在泛型集合上进行简单迭代。

//Type parameter T in angle brackets.
public class GenericList<T> : System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>
{
    protected Node head;
    protected Node current = null;

    // Nested class is also generic on T
    protected class Node
    {
        public Node next;
        private T data;  //T as private member datatype

        public Node(T t)  //T used in non-generic constructor
        {
            next = null;
            data = t;
        }

        public Node Next
        {
            get { return next; }
            set { next = value; }
        }

        public T Data  //T as return type of property
        {
            get { return data; }
            set { data = value; }
        }
    }

    public GenericList()  //constructor
    {
        head = null;
    }

    public void AddHead(T t)  //T as method parameter type
    {
        Node n = new Node(t);
        n.Next = head;
        head = n;
    }

    // Implementation of the iterator
    public System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        Node current = head;
        while (current != null)
        {
            yield return current.Data;
            current = current.Next;
        }
    }

    // IEnumerable<T> inherits from IEnumerable, therefore this class 
    // must implement both the generic and non-generic versions of 
    // GetEnumerator. In most cases, the non-generic method can 
    // simply call the generic method.
    System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }
}

public class SortedList<T> : GenericList<T> where T : System.IComparable<T>
{
    // A simple, unoptimized sort algorithm that 
    // orders list elements from lowest to highest:

    public void BubbleSort()
    {
        if (null == head || null == head.Next)
        {
            return;
        }
        bool swapped;

        do
        {
            Node previous = null;
            Node current = head;
            swapped = false;

            while (current.next != null)
            {
                //  Because we need to call this method, the SortedList
                //  class is constrained on IEnumerable<T>
                if (current.Data.CompareTo(current.next.Data) > 0)
                {
                    Node tmp = current.next;
                    current.next = current.next.next;
                    tmp.next = current;

                    if (previous == null)
                    {
                        head = tmp;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        previous.next = tmp;
                    }
                    previous = tmp;
                    swapped = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    previous = current;
                    current = current.next;
                }
            }
        } while (swapped);
    }
}

// A simple class that implements IComparable<T> using itself as the 
// type argument. This is a common design pattern in objects that 
// are stored in generic lists.
public class Person : System.IComparable<Person>
{
    string name;
    int age;

    public Person(string s, int i)
    {
        name = s;
        age = i;
    }

    // This will cause list elements to be sorted on age values.
    public int CompareTo(Person p)
    {
        return age - p.age;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return name + ":" + age;
    }

    // Must implement Equals.
    public bool Equals(Person p)
    {
        return (this.age == p.age);
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //Declare and instantiate a new generic SortedList class.
        //Person is the type argument.
        SortedList<Person> list = new SortedList<Person>();

        //Create name and age values to initialize Person objects.
        string[] names = new string[] 
        { 
            "Franscoise", 
            "Bill", 
            "Li", 
            "Sandra", 
            "Gunnar", 
            "Alok", 
            "Hiroyuki", 
            "Maria", 
            "Alessandro", 
            "Raul" 
        };

        int[] ages = new int[] { 45, 19, 28, 23, 18, 9, 108, 72, 30, 35 };

        //Populate the list.
        for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
        {
            list.AddHead(new Person(names[x], ages[x]));
        }

        //Print out unsorted list.
        foreach (Person p in list)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine("Done with unsorted list");

        //Sort the list.
        list.BubbleSort();

        //Print out sorted list.
        foreach (Person p in list)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine("Done with sorted list");
    }
}

所有我们可以定义Person类和People类

public  class Person
        {
            public string FirstName { get; set; }
            public string LastName { get; set; }

            public override string ToString()
            {
                return FirstName + LastName;
            }
        }
  public class People :IEnumerable
        {
            private Person[] _persons;

            public People(Person[] persons)
            {
                _persons = new Person[persons.Length];
                for(int i = 0; i<persons.Length;i++)
                {
                    _persons[i] = persons[i];
                }
            }

            public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
            {
                for(int i = 0; i<_persons.Length;i++)
                {
                    yield return _persons[i];
                }
            }
        }