简单使用配置
- pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.liu</groupId>
<artifactId>my-cloud-gate-way</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--GateWay 网关-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入webflux-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日志依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--测试依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-reactor-netty</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<!--lombok工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.4</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--引入Jaxb,开始-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-core</artifactId>
<version>2.2.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.2.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.2.10-b140310.1920</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入Jaxb,结束-->
<!-- Actuator可以帮助你监控和管理Spring Boot应用-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--链路追踪-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<!--spring cloud依赖版本管理-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--编译插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>8</source>
<target>8</target>
<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<delimiters>
<delimit>@</delimit>
<useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
</delimiters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- yml
server:
port: 9003
spring:
application:
name: edu-service-gate-way
cloud:
gateway:
routes: # 路由可以有多个
- id: service-autodeliver-router # 我们自定义的路由 ID,保持唯一
# uri: http://127.0.0.1:8096 # 目标服务地址 自动投递微服务(部署多实例) 动态路由:uri配置的应该是一个服务名称,而不应该是一个具体的服务实例的地址
uri: lb://edu-service-autodeliver # gateway网关从服务注册中心获取实例信息然后负载后路由
predicates: # 断言:路由条件,Predicate 接受一个输入参数,返回一个布尔值结果。该接口包含多种默 认方法来将 Predicate 组合成其他复杂的逻辑(比如:与,或,非)。
- Path=/autodeliver/**
- id: service-resume-router # 我们自定义的路由 ID,保持唯一
# uri: http://127.0.0.1:8081 # 目标服务地址
# http://localhost:9002/resume/openstate/1545132
# http://127.0.0.1:8081/openstate/1545132
uri: lb://edu-service-resume
predicates: # 断言:路由条件,Predicate 接受一个输入参数,返回一个布尔值结果。该接口包含多种默 认方法来将 Predicate 组合成其他复杂的逻辑(比如:与,或,非)。
- Path=/resume/**
# filters:
# - StripPrefix=1
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://EduCloudEurekaServerB:8762/eureka,http://EduCloudEurekaServerA:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true #服务实例中显示ip,而不是显示主机名(兼容老的eureka版本)
# 实例名称: 192.168.1.103:edu-service-resume:8080,我们可以自定义它
instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${spring.application.name}:${server.port}:@project.version@
介绍
Spring Cloud GateWay是Spring Cloud的⼀个全新项⽬,⽬标是取代Netflix Zuul,它基于
Spring5.0+SpringBoot2.0+WebFlux(基于⾼性能的Reactor模式响应式通信框架Netty,异步⾮阻塞模
型)等技术开发,性能⾼于Zuul,官⽅测试, GateWay是Zuul的1.6倍,旨在为微服务架构提供⼀种简
单有效的统⼀的API路由管理⽅式。
Spring Cloud GateWay不仅提供统⼀的路由⽅式(反向代理)并且基于 Filter(定义过滤器对请求过滤,
完成⼀些功能) 链的⽅式提供了⽹关基本的功能,例如:鉴权、流量控制、熔断、路径重写、⽇志监控
等。
断言
- 时间点后匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: after_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
- 时间点前匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: before_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
- 时间区间匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: between_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2017-01-
21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]
- 指定Cookie正则匹配指定值
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: cookie_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Cookie=chocolate, ch.p
- 指定Header正则匹配指定值
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: header_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
- 请求Host匹配指定值
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: host_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Host=**.somehost.org,**.anotherhost.org
- 请求Method匹配指定请求⽅式
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: method_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Method=GET,POST
- 请求路径正则匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Path=/red/{segment},/blue/{segment}
- 请求包含某参数
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: query_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Query=green
- 请求包含某参数并且参数值匹配正则表达式
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: query_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- Query=red, gree.
- 远程地址匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: remoteaddr_route
uri: https://example.org
predicates:
- RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24
过滤器
从过滤器⽣命周期(影响时机点)的⻆度来说,主要有两个pre和post:
- pre-这种过滤器在请求被路由之前调⽤。我们可利⽤这种过滤器实现身份验证、在集群中
选择 请求的微服务、记录调试信息等。 - post-这种过滤器在路由到微服务以后执⾏。这种过滤器可⽤来为响应添加标准的 HTTP
Header、收集统计信息和指标、将响应从微服务发送给客户端等。
从过滤器类型的⻆度, Spring Cloud GateWay的过滤器分为GateWayFilter和GlobalFilter两种
- GateWayFilter 应⽤到单个路由路由上
- GlobalFilter 应⽤到所有的路由上
⾃定义全局过滤器实现IP访问限制(⿊⽩名单)
package com.liu.filter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 白名单过滤器
* 让容器扫描到,等同于注册了
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class BlackListFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
// 模拟黑名单(实际可以去数据库或者redis中查询)
private static List<String> blackList = new ArrayList<>();
static {
blackList.add("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1"); // 模拟本机地址
}
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
// 思路:获取客户端ip,判断是否在黑名单中,在的话就拒绝访问,不在的话就放行
// 从上下文中取出request和response对象
ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
// 从request对象中获取客户端ip
String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddress().getHostString();
// 拿着clientIp去黑名单中查询,存在的话就决绝访问
if(blackList.contains(clientIp)) {
// 决绝访问,返回
response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED); // 状态码
log.debug("=====>IP:" + clientIp + " 在黑名单中,将被拒绝访问!");
String data = "Request be denied!";
DataBuffer wrap = response.bufferFactory().wrap(data.getBytes());
return response.writeWith(Mono.just(wrap));
}
// 合法请求,放行,执行后续的过滤器
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return 0;
}
}