Javascript 使用Ajax

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 00:20:30 发布

koastal

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-11 00:20:30 发布

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分类专栏： PHP JavaScript

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/koastal/article/details/50603817

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基本步骤

GET方式

1. 定义XMLHttpRequest对象

var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

2. 使用GET方式打开服务器地址

request.open("GET","server.php?id="+document.getElementById("keyword").value);

3. 发起GET请求

request.send();

4. 监听服务器的操作状态，并做出响应

readyState属性

request.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(request.readyState == 4){
            if(request.status == 200){
                document.getElementById("searchRes").innerHTML = request.responseText;
            }else{
                document.getElementById("searchRes").innerHTML = "发生错误："+request.status;
            }
        }
    }

POST方式

1. 定义XMLHttpRequest对象

var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

2. 使用POST方式打开服务器地址

request.open("POST","server.php");

3. 定义需要传递的数据

var data = "id="+document.getElementById("id").value+"&name="+document.getElementById("name").value+"&job="+document.getElementById("job").value;

4. 设置请求头

request.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

5. 发起POST请求（发送数据）

request.send(data);

6. 监听服务器的操作状态，并做出响应

request.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(request.readyState == 4){
            if(request.status == 200){
                document.getElementById("addRes").innerHTML = request.responseText;
            }else{
                document.getElementById("addRes").innerHTML = "发生错误："+request.status;
            }
        }
    }

操作实例

XMLHttpRequest.html

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=UTF-8'>
<title>XMLHttpRequest</title>
<style type="text/css">
*{
    font-size:25px;
    line-height:1.8;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>查询员工</h1>
员工编号：<input type="text" id="keyword"/>
<input type="button" id="search" value="查询"/><br/> 
<p id="searchRes"></p>

<h1>添加员工</h1>
员工编号：<input type="text" id="id"/><br/>  
员工姓名：<input type="text" id="name"/><br/>
员工职位：<input type="text" id="job"/><br/>
<input type="button" id="add" value="添加"/><br/> 
<p id="addRes"></p> 

<script>
//查询员工
document.getElementById("search").onclick = function(){
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open("GET","server.php?id="+document.getElementById("keyword").value);
    request.send();
    request.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(request.readyState == 4){
            if(request.status == 200){
                document.getElementById("searchRes").innerHTML = request.responseText;
            }else{
                document.getElementById("searchRes").innerHTML = "发生错误："+request.status;
            }
        }
    }
}
//添加员工
document.getElementById("add").onclick = function(){
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open("POST","server.php");
    var data = "id="+document.getElementById("id").value+"&name="+document.getElementById("name").value+"&job="+document.getElementById("job").value;
    alert(data);
    request.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    request.send(data);
    request.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(request.readyState == 4){
            if(request.status == 200){
                document.getElementById("addRes").innerHTML = request.responseText;
            }else{
                document.getElementById("addRes").innerHTML = "发生错误："+request.status;
            }
        }
    }
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

server.php

<?php
header("Content-Type:text/plain;charset=utf-8");

if($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET"){
    search();
}elseif($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"){
    add();
}

function search(){
    //判断职工编号是否正确填写
    if(!isset($_GET["id"]) || empty($_GET["id"])){
        echo "参数错误";
        return;
    }
    $id = $_GET["id"];
    $result = "没有找到员工";

    $mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'root', '', 'test');
    $mysqli->query("SET NAMES UTF8");
    $sql = "SELECT * FROM staff WHERE id=".$id;
    $res = $mysqli->query($sql);
    $row = $res->fetch_assoc();

    if(is_array($row) && $row['id']==$id){
        $result = "找到员工<br/>员工编号：".$id."，员工姓名：".$row['name']."，员工职位：".$row['job'];
    }
    echo $result;
    $mysqli->close();
}

function add(){
    //判断信息是否填写完整
    if(isset($_POST["id"])&&isset($_POST["name"])&&isset($_POST["job"])&&!empty($_POST["id"])&&!empty($_POST["name"])&&!empty($_POST["job"])){
        $id = $_POST["id"];
        $name = $_POST["name"];
        $job = $_POST["job"];
        $mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'root', '', 'test');
        $mysqli->query("SET NAMES UTF8");
        $sql = "INSERT INTO staff(id,name,job) VALUES ($id,'$name','$job')";
        $result = $mysqli->query($sql);
        if($result==true){
            echo "添加员工操作成功";
        }
        $mysqli->close();
    }else{
        echo "参数错误，信息填写不完整";
    }
}

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Javascript 使用Ajax

基本步骤GET方式1. 定义XMLHttpRequest对象var request = new XMLHttpRequest();2. 使用GET方式打开服务器地址request.open("GET","server.php?id="+document.getElementById("keyword").value);3. 发起GET请求request.send();4. 监听服务器的操作状态，并做
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