在做项目的时候,增删改查是最基本的操作,但是平时我们都是为他们创建四个方法,然后在struts中分别配置add、delete、update、find四个不同的路由,聪明点的直接用<action name="user_*" method="{1}>进行匹配,但在springMVC中有一个更简洁的方法,只需要一条路由,他就会自动执行你的增删改查。
首先我们要了解,浏览器支持get,post,delete,put等请求方式,get代表查,post代表增,delete代表删,put代表改。但是普通浏览器中只支持get和post两种方式,在springMVC中我们需要用过滤器来拦截请求,之后根据请求方式找到对应的方法并执行
这个过滤器就是HiddenHttpMethodFilter,他位于spring-web包下,当使用delete和put请求时,只需在页面表单中增加一个隐藏字段即可,注意:这个字段的name值必须为"_method"
<!-- 隐藏表单域,name值为_method,value的值就是请求方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
接下来我们看一个例子:
1、在web.xml中添加HiddenHttpMethodFilter过滤器,用来拦截请求
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 前端控制器 -->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!-- contextConfigLocation是参数名称,该参数的值包含的是springmvc的配置文件路径 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 在web应用程序启动时立即加载Servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 指定spring的核心文件,必须使用context-param,ContextLoaderListener才能找到 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 过滤器、拦截一切请求,目的是给普通浏览器增加put和delete请求方式 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2、编写spring配置文件,其于web.xml同级,位于WEB-INF目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">
<!-- spring自动扫描base-package下面的包或子包下面的java文件(用了注解的java类必须被扫描才有效) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="kshon.controller,kshon.pojo" />
<!-- 设置配置方案 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 使用默认的servlet响应静态文件 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 配置annotation类型的处理映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<!-- 配置annotation类型的处理器适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/content/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 国际化 -->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basenames" value="message"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 国际化操作拦截器如果采用基于(session/cookie)则必须配置 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptors>
<bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver"></bean>
</beans>
3、写一个pojo类,用于接收数据,src/pojo/Book.java类如下
package pojo;
public class Book {
private int id;
private String name;
private String author;
public Book(){}
public Book(int id,String name,String author){
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
}
4、编写控制器src/controller/BookController.java,在每个方法前要通过@RequestMapping注解指定响应的请求方式
package kshon.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import kshon.pojo.Book;
@Controller
public class BookController {
@RequestMapping(value="book",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public void add(Book book){
System.out.println("增加book。。。。。");
System.out.println(book.getId());
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
@RequestMapping(value="book",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public void delete(Book book){
System.out.println("删除book。。。。。");
System.out.println(book.getId());
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
@RequestMapping(value="book",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public void update(Book book){
System.out.println("修改book。。。。。");
System.out.println(book.getId());
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
@RequestMapping(value="book",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public void find(Book book){
System.out.println("查找book。。。。。");
System.out.println(book.getId());
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
}
5、编写表单页面WebContent/book.jsp,表单中的action统一使用book请求就行,但需要注意delete和put需要添加隐藏域
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>json数据</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="book" method="get">
id:<input type="text" name="id"/><br>
书名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
作者:<input type="text" name="author"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="查"/>
</form><br>
<form action="book" method="post">
id:<input type="text" name="id"/><br>
书名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
作者:<input type="text" name="author"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="增"/>
</form><br>
<form action="book" method="post">
<!-- 隐藏表单域,name值为_method,value的值就是请求方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
id:<input type="text" name="id"/><br>
书名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
作者:<input type="text" name="author"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="删"/>
</form><br>
<form action="book" method="post">
<!-- 隐藏表单域,name值为_method,value的值就是请求方式 -->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
id:<input type="text" name="id"/><br>
书名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br>
作者:<input type="text" name="author"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="改"/>
</form><br>
</body>
</html>
启动tomcat,输入http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/book.jsp
可以在eclipse控制台中看到相应的输出