django下载xlsx的方法

使用django时下载xlsx的方法，同样适用于其他类型的文件。

使用openpyxl库生成xlsx文件，使用save_virtual_workbook方法将文件保存到内存中，然后发送给客户端。

重要的是要设置response的content_type，根据不同的文件类型进行设置，xlsx的是'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'，还要设置Content-Disposition为'attachment; filename=test.xlsx'。

服务端示例如下：

from openpyxl import Workbook
from django.http import HttpResponse
from openpyxl.writer.excel import save_virtual_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Font, Side, Alignment


def get_xlsx(request):
    sheel_name = 'test'
    datas = []
    workbook = Workbook()
    sheet = workbook.active
    sheet.title = sheel_name
    border = Border(*([Side(style='thin', color='000000')] * 4))
    rows, columns = len(datas), len(datas[0])
    max_width = 0
    for row in range(rows):
        sheet.row_dimensions[row + 1].height = 18
        for column in range(columns):
            the_cell = sheet['%s%s' % (chr(column + 65), row + 1)]
            the_cell.value, the_cell.border = datas[row][column], border
            if row > 0:
                if column == 3:
                    if '\n' in the_cell.value:
                        the_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='left', vertical='top')
                    else:
                        the_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='left', vertical='center')
                        if len(the_cell.value) > max_width:
                            max_width = len(the_cell.value)
                elif column == columns - 1:
                    the_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='right', vertical='center')
                    the_cell.number_format = '0.00  '
                else:
                    the_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
            else:
                the_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
    for column in range(columns):
        sheet['%s1' % chr(column + 65)].font = Font(bold=True)
        column_width = 20 if column < 3 else (12 if column > 3 else (int(max_width * 1.58) or 30))
        sheet.column_dimensions[chr(column + 65)].width = column_width
    workbook.close()
    response = HttpResponse(save_virtual_workbook(workbook), content_type='application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet')
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=%s.xlsx' % sheel_name
    return response

客户端使用ajax请求获取表格文件数据，然后创建一个包含数据的虚拟链接作为a标签的链接，触发a标签后删除a标签。重要的是ajax请求中要设置参数xhrFields: {responseType: 'blob'}，这样才能正常识别文件。

JS兼容性示例如下：

$(".download")[0].onclick = function () {
  $.ajax({
    method:'POST',
    url:'...',
    data: {...},
    xhrFields: {responseType: 'blob'},
    success:function (blob) {
      var filename = 'test.xlsx',
          URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL,
          bloburl = URL.createObjectURL(blob),
          anchor = document.createElement("a");
      if ('download' in anchor) {
          anchor.style.visibility = "hidden";
          anchor.href = bloburl;
          anchor.download = filename;
          document.body.appendChild(anchor);
          var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
          evt.initEvent("click", true, true);
          anchor.dispatchEvent(evt);
          document.body.removeChild(anchor);
      } else if (navigator.msSaveBlob) {
          navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, filename);
      } else {
          location.href = bloburl;
      }
    },
    fail:function () {}
  })
};