sqlalchemy中多对多的关系

一、sqlalchemy数据库中多对多的关系，主要有下面三个步骤

1. 定义一个中间表保存两个表的主键
2. 定义多对多关系的两个表的模型
3. 给每个模型都添加一个访问对方的属性注意在relationship中指定中间表

二、代码如下:

# coding:utf-8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String, Integer, ForeignKey, Table
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship

DB_URI = "mysql+mysqldb://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/python?charset=utf8"
engine = create_engine(DB_URI)
Base = declarative_base(engine)
session = sessionmaker(engine)()

# 创建一个多对多的关系(老师与学生的关系)需要创建一个中间表
# 创建一个中间表
teacher_classes = Table(
    "teacher_classes",
    Base.metadata,
    Column("teacher_id", Integer, ForeignKey("teacher.id"), nullable=False, primary_key=True),
    Column("classes_id", Integer, ForeignKey("classes.id"), nullable=False, primary_key=True)
)


# 创建老师的映射
class Teacher(Base):
    __tablename__ = "teacher"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    teacher_name = Column(String(100))
    classes = relationship("Classes", secondary=teacher_classes)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Teacher id='%s' teacher_name='%s'>" % (self.id, self.teacher_name)


# 创建学生的映射
class Classes(Base):
    __tablename__ = "classes"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    classes_name = Column(String(100))
    teacher = relationship("Teacher", secondary=teacher_classes)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Classes id='%s' classes_name='%s'>" % (self.id, self.classes_name)


# 创建数据库
Base.metadata.create_all()

# 创建两个老师
teacher1 = Teacher(teacher_name='admin')
teacher2 = Teacher(teacher_name='grunt')
teacher3 = Teacher(teacher_name='shuihen')

# 创建两门课程
classes1 = Classes(classes_name="java")
classes2 = Classes(classes_name="python")

# 添加数据
# teacher1.classes = [classes1,classes2]
# teacher2.classes = [classes1,classes2]
# teacher3.classes = [classes1]
# session.add(teacher1)
# session.add(teacher2)
# session.add(teacher3)
# session.commit()

# 查询下数据(根据老师查询课程)
# teacher = session.query(Teacher).first()
# print teacher.classes

# 根据课程查询老师
classes = session.query(Classes).get(1)
print classes.teacher

# 根据老师查询课程
teacher = session.query(Teacher).get(3)
print teacher.classes