where 语句 & associatedtype 类型定义别名

where 语句 & associatedtype 类型定义别名

我们先来看一段代码:

protocol StackProtocol {
    
    associatedtype Item
    
    var itemCount: Int{get}
    
    mutating func pop() -> Item?
    
    func index(of index: Int) -> Item
}

struct KZHStack: StackProtocol {
    
    var itemCount: Int
    typealias Item  = Int
    private var items = [Item]()
    
    mutating func pop() -> Item? {
        if items.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        return items.removeLast()
    }
    
    func index(of index: Item) -> Item {
        return items[index]
    }
    
}

func compare<T1: StackProtocol, T2: StackProtocol>(_ stack1: T1, _ stack2: T2) -> Bool where T1.Item == T2.Item, T1.Item: Equatable {
    guard stack1.itemCount == stack2.itemCount else {return false}
    
    for i in 0..<stack1.itemCount {
        if (stack1.index(of: i) != stack2.index(of: i)) {
            return false
        }
    }
    return true
    
}

有时候我们希望在当前泛型制定类型的时候拥有特定功能，我们来看⼀下下⾯的写法：

extension StackProtocol where Item == Int{
    func test(){
        print("test")
    }
}

associatedtype 声明一个类型变量

typealias 设置类型别名