Linux常用命令_head命令

Linux常用命令head命令

head 命令

参数说明

参数	参数说明
-n	指定显示行数
-c	指定显示的字节数
-v	总是显示文件名的文件头
-q	不显示文件名的文件头

[root@localhost home]# head --help  # 显示此帮助信息并退出
Usage: head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -c, --bytes=[-]K         print the first K bytes of each file;
                             with the leading `-', print all but the last
                             K bytes of each file
  -n, --lines=[-]K         print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
                             with the leading `-', print all but the last
                             K lines of each file
  -q, --quiet, --silent    never print headers giving file names
  -v, --verbose            always print headers giving file names
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

Report head bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'head invocation'

head默认参数

默认显示前十行数据

head file.txt 
# 等同于  head -n 10 file.txt
# 等同于  head -10 file.txt 

[root@localhost home]# cat file.txt 
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
Line 11
[root@localhost home]# head file.txt 
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
[root@localhost home]# head -n 10 file.txt 
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10

head -n参数

显示每个文件的前K 行内容；如果附加"-"参数，则除了每个文件的最后K行外 显示剩余全部内容

[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 file.txt  # 显示file.txt文件的前3行
[root@localhost home]# head -n -3 file.txt # 显示除了文件最后3行外的所有内容
[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 file.txt file1.txt  # 打印多个文件的内容（会显示每个文件的名字）

[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 file.txt  # 显示file.txt文件的前3行
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
[root@localhost home]# head -n -3 file.txt # 显示除了文件最后3行外的所有内容
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 file.txt file1.txt  # 打印多个文件的内容
==> file.txt <==
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

==> file1.txt <==
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

head -c参数

显示每个文件的前K 字节内容；如果附加"-"参数，则除了每个文件的最后K字节数据外 显示剩余全部内容

[root@localhost home]# head -c file.txt  # 无效的字节数。
head: file.txt: invalid number of bytes
[root@localhost home]# head -c 4 file.txt # 按文件内容大小来打印，打印前4个字节的内容
Line
[root@localhost home]# head -c -4 file.txt  # 打印除了最后4个字节的文件内容 (空格一般两个字节)

[root@localhost home]# head -c file.txt 
head: file.txt: invalid number of bytes
[root@localhost home]# head -c 4 file.txt 
Line[root@localhost home]# head -c -4 file.txt 
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
Line

head -q参数

不显示包含给定文件名的文件头

[root@localhost home]# head -q file.txt  # 打印时不显示文件名称
# 等同于   head --quiet file.txt 
# 等同于   head --silent file.txt 
# 其实后面跟上--quiet,--silent都是一样的，都不会显示文件名称，和默认打印是一样的效果。

head -v参数

总是显示包含给定文件名的文件头

[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 -v file.txt  # 打印时显示文件名称
# 等同于  head -n 3 --verbose file.txt 

[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 -v file.txt  # 打印时显示文件名称
==> file.txt <==
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
[root@localhost home]# head -n 3 --verbose file.txt 
==> file.txt <==
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

head --version

显示版本信息并退出

[root@localhost home]# head --version  # 显示版本信息并退出
head (GNU coreutils) 8.4
Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.