1. 最简单的Schema文档如何写一个最简单的XML Schema文档呢? 首先,我们写出一个最简单的XML文档。hello.xml------------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < greeting > Hello World!! </ greeting > <!-- 一个根元素:greeting;且这个元素不含属性,无子元素,内容是字符串。 --> hello.xsd---------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="greeting" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:schema > XML Schema文档后缀名是.xsd,完全符合XML语法,根元素是schema,命名空间xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema,用元素 < element > 定义实例文档中的元素,如greeting。2. 含子元素的Schema文档 假设实例文档是如下的:customer.xml----------- < customer > < name > teiki </ name > < address > No.237, Road Waitan, Shanghai </ address > </ customer > 则可以写出以下的XML Schema文档:customer.xsd---------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="customer" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="name" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="address" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 实例文档customer.xml中, < customer > 元素含有两个子元素,所以我们在Schema文档中采用ComplexType来定义该元素。sequence表示子元素依次出现的顺序。3. 含子元素和孙元素的Schema文档 这次我们给出一个更加复杂一些的文档:customer.xml--------------- < customer > < name > Teiki </ name > < address > <!-- address追加一个地址子元素 --> < prefecture > Zhejiang </ prefecture > < city > Hangzhou </ city > < street > Xilu Road, No.121, 7F </ street > </ address > </ customer > 为此,我们需要一个更加复杂一点的Schema文档:address.xsd----------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="customer" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="name" type ="xsd:string" /> <!-- 追加子元素address --> < xsd:element name ="address" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="prefecture" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="city" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="street" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 不过,我们还可以采用ref元素来重新编写这个Schema文档:address2.xsd---------------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="customer" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="name" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element ref ="address" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="address" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="prefecture" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="city" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="street" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 使用ref元素可以直接将其指向另一个模块,使文档更加具有可读性。4. 定义相同子元素的数量先看这个简单的订购数据实例文档:order.xml--------- < order > < orderItem > Accounting Book </ orderItem > < orderItem > Taxation Book </ orderItem > </ order > 假设 < orderItem > 元素,即每次的订购书目不能超过10种,那该怎么写这个Schema文档呢?这里要用到 < element > 的maxOccurs属性。order.xsd-------------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" type ="xsd:string" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 第7行中的maxOccurs属性为10,代表orderItem元素可以最大有10个。如果,不设定元素个数,则可以用maxOccurs="unbounded"来定义。类似,如果要定义最小值,可以使用minOccurs,比如下面这句: < xsd:element name ="orderItem" type ="xsd:string" minOccurs ="5" maxOccurs ="10" /> 这两个属性缺省值都是1。5. 定义可选项的子元素假如上面的订书数据中,可以用书名或者书号任一一种订购,则实例文档可能如下:order2.xml----------------- < order > < orderItem > <!-- 书名订购 --> < name > Accounting Book </ name > </ orderItem > < orderItem > <!-- 书号订购 --> < id > 7-5058-3496-7 </ id > </ orderItem > </ order > 这时书写Schema文档还需要使用choice元素。order2.xsd------------------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element ref ="orderItem" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:choice > < xsd:element name ="name" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="id" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:choice > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 稍微更复杂的可选项子元素 再稍微修改一下订书数据的实例文档:order3.xml----------------- < order > < orderItem > < name > Accounting Book </ name > < quantity > 2 </ quantity > </ orderItem > < orderItem > < id > 7-5058-3496-7 </ id > </ orderItem > </ order > 这里假定 < quantity > 值为1时,缺省。如何修改Schema文档呢?order3.xsd----------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element ref ="orderItem" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:choice > < xsd:element name ="name" type ="xsd:string" /> < xsd:element name ="id" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:choice > < xsd:element name ="quantity" type ="xsd:string" minOccurs ="0" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > </ xsd:schema > 19行中的quantity最少出现值为0,也就是可以有,也可以没有。当然,也可以直接在 < choice > 元素中,包含quantity,然后定义它的minOccurs。6. 内置简单类型图省略7. 自定义简单类型 如果内置简单类型的44种还不能满足要求,怎么办呢?下面学习自定义简单类型。(XML的扩展性充分体现在这里)例如这个实例文档:order4.xml----------------- < order > < orderItem > < id > 7-5058-3496-7 </ id > < quantity > 5 </ quantity > </ orderItem > </ order > ID是一个标准的ISBN编码,我们怎么定义这个ISBN编码呢? < xsd:simpleType name ="idType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > < xsd:pattern value ="d{1}-d{4}-d{4}-d{1}" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > idType是一个自定义的简单类型。我们对它做了限制: < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > 代表它是基于一个字符串类型。再用pattern元素来描述该字符串的形式。value="d{1}-d{4}-d{4}-d{1}"这是一个正则表达式,关于正则表达式,以后再介绍。嘻嘻!利用这个自定义的简单类型,我们可以重新写Schema文档:order4.xsd--------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element ref ="orderItem" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="id" type ="idType" /> < xsd:element name ="quantity" type ="xsd:integer" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:simpleType name ="idType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > < xsd:pattern value ="d{1}-d{4}-d{4}-d{1}" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > </ xsd:schema > 假如我们事先确定好ID只有3个,即只有3个ISBN是可选的,那怎么办?我们可以用enumeration元素来进行列举。 < xsd:simpleType name ="idType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > < xsd:enumeration value ="7-5058-3496-7" /> < xsd:enumeration value ="7-5005-6450-3" /> < xsd:enumeration value ="7-3020-6069-7" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > 再来看订购量quantity的值,如果我们设定其值必须在1-10之间,该怎么办呢?可以这些自定义一个简单类型。 < xsd:simpleType name ="quantityType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:integer" > < xsd:minInclusive value ="1" /> < xsd:maxInclusive value ="10" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > 其中,minInclusive,maxInclusive分别代表该类型的取值范围。所以最终修改后的Schema文档如下:order4-1.xsd---------------------- <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element ref ="orderItem" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element name ="id" type ="idType" /> < xsd:element name ="quantity" type ="quantityType" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:simpleType name ="idType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > < xsd:enumeration value ="7-5058-3496-7" /> < xsd:enumeration value ="7-5005-6450-3" /> < xsd:enumeration value ="7-3020-6069-7" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > < xsd:simpleType name ="quantityType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:integer" > < xsd:minInclusive value ="1" /> < xsd:maxInclusive value ="10" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > </ xsd:schema > 8. 定义属性 最后,我们再来讲讲元素的属性如何在Schema文档中定义。比如上面的order.xml实例文档中: < order > < orderItem id ="7-5058-3496-7" /> </ order > 对此,我们在Schema文档中采用一个attribute来定义:order.xsd--------- < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > ←空元素 </ xsd:sequence > <!-- 定义该元素属性 --> < xsd:attribute name ="id" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > 那么,实例文档中该属性值是必须的还是可有可无的呢?我们可以这样限制: < xsd:attribute name ="id" type ="idType" use ="required" /> 这里我们讲id属性类型作为一种自定义数据类型idType。而且,用attribute元素的use属性来定义是否是必须的属性。required是必须值,optional是可选值,prohibited是无属性值。 那么对于属性的缺省值,我们怎么定义呢?比如: < order > < orderItem id ="4-8443-1780-6" quantity ="3" /> </ order > 我们还可以用attribute元素的另一个属性default来定义: < xsd:attribute name ="quantity" type ="xsd:integer" default ="1" /> 所以,我们可以重新写出一个Schema文档:order2.xsd-------------- < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence ></ xsd:sequence > < xsd:attribute name ="id" type ="idType" use ="required" /> < xsd:attribute name ="quantity" type ="xsd:integer" default ="1" /> </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > 上面的属性我们定义我们还可以采用属性组的办法来重新改写Schema文档。 order3.xsd---------------- < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence ></ xsd:sequence > < xsd:attributeGroup ref ="orderItemAttributes" /> </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:attributeGroup name ="orderItemAttributes" > < xsd:attribute name ="id" type ="idType" use ="required" /> < xsd:attribute name ="quantity" type ="xsd:integer" default ="1" /> </ xsd:attributeGroup > 这个属性组就不详细解释了,不过,大家一看就清楚了吧。最后,我们写一个完整的订书order.xml的Schema文档。 <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > < xsd:element name ="order" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence > < xsd:element ref ="orderItem" maxOccurs ="10" /> </ xsd:sequence > </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:element name ="orderItem" > < xsd:complexType > < xsd:sequence ></ xsd:sequence > < xsd:attributeGroup ref ="orderItemAttributes" /> </ xsd:complexType > </ xsd:element > < xsd:attributeGroup name ="orderItemAttributes" > < xsd:attribute name ="id" type ="idType" use ="required" /> < xsd:attribute name ="quantity" type ="xsd:integer" default ="1" /> </ xsd:attributeGroup > < xsd:simpleType name ="idType" > < xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" > < xsd:pattern value ="d{1}-d{4}-d{4}-d{1}" /> </ xsd:restriction > </ xsd:simpleType > </ xsd:schema > 其他xml中引用xsd <? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no" ?> < Envlope xmlns ="gmip" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation ="gmip_appraise_rep.xsd" > Xsd中对应为: <? xml version="1.0" ?> < xsd:schema targetNamespace ="gmip" xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault ="qualified" attributeFormDefault ="qualified" > ElementFormDefault=”qualified” 意思是要求element使用的namespace是targetNamespace,它的作用是对元素起"限定与非限定"使用,意思是在文档范例中要求采用命名空间前缀。 转自:http://blog.csdn.net/key/archive/2005/01/23/265200.aspx#587952